Panel-Plate Additive

Table 31.1 shows representative high-tech MLBs fabricated by means of additive technology. Innerlayer patterns of all MLBs listed in the table are made by the foil process. The out-erlayer patterns are formed by the panel-plate additive process, which is the subject to be discussed in the following section. 

It should be cautioned, however, that there is a limitation to this panel-plate additive approach, even though the thickness of deposited copper film is much more even across the panel. If very fine conductors are to be formed by this method, the conductor cross section becomes intolerably distorted from the ideal rectangular shape as the ratio of the width to the height of the conductor approaches unity, as shown in Fig. 31.6. 

As in the case of the panel-plate additive method, the partly additive process starts with copper-clad laminate.The essence of this process is to minimize the problem encountered in etching fineline conductors through thick copper which results from through-hole plating (in the conventional etched foil process, throu -hole is plated first), by forming conductors first, prior to through-hole plating. 

Multiple copies of 96-well microtiter plates containing the stock solutions are created to further avoid numerous freeze/thaw cycles. For screening, one copy is made for each assay of the panel and additional copies are dedicated for the selection of compounds for further screening. In this process, the number of freeze/thaw cycles for any compound does not exceed two. 

After fabrication, ail the panels were interrogated by pulse echo ultrasound (10 MHz) and film X-ray. There was no indication of any delamination and no gross porosity regions were noted in the panels. In addition, each panel had two tensile bars extract for witness testing at room temperature. All samples tested failed above a 0.3% strain to failure requirement. Hence, all panels were accepted into the testing effort. Samples were cut out of the accepted plates and holes where drilled in diameters of 2.286 and 4.572 mm at the center of the lecimens forming 20% of the width of the specimen. 

Add wood furnish (384 g, moisture content 6.02%) to the bowl of a rotary blade paddle mixer (such as a Kitchen-Aid KSM90) and agitate at the lowest speed setting. Add Mondur 541 (7.39 g, 1.9% w/w, a polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate of 31.5% NCO, Bayer) dropwise over a 5-min period using a disposable syringe. Continue blending for an additional 10 min and then transfer the blend to an 8 x 8 x 2 -in. metal form at the bottom of which is a metal plate which fits inside. The resin-coated furnish is evenly spread inside the form and another metal plate is placed on top. All parts of the form and plates are presprayed with mold release. The completed form assembly is placed into a hydraulic press (such as a model PW-22 manufactured by Pasadena Hydraulics) with platens heated at 350°F. The furnish is then pressed between the two form plates to a thickness of j in. Press controls are used to ensure consistency of board thickness. The assembly is heated for 4 min. before demolding the cured wood panel. 

The manufactured 90 mm x 90 mm x 10 mm three-layered B4C/B4C-30wt%SiC tiles were tested as armor [67], The photographs of the experiment set-up of the ballistic test as well as a residual impression in the clay box that was used as one of the criteria in the ballistic performance of laminates are shown in Fig. 7.17. The ballistic penetration tests were performed to evaluate the ballistic performance of the laminates. Depth of penetration tests were used to evaluate the ballistic performance of the composite laminates. In addition, pure B4C monolithic ceramics were used as a standard for the test. Test panels were made using the three-layered B4C/B4C-SiC laminate and B4C monolithic ceramic material as the hard face. While the B4C monolithic tile had 100% of its theoretical density, the three-layered B4C/B4C-30wt%SiC laminates had about 3-4% of porosity. A commonly used Spectra fiber-reinforced polymer composite was used as backing plates. The targets were mounted on clay and the projectile was shot at the target at a specific velocity. 

Figure 39-16 Detection of internal tandem duplications of the FLT3 gene by PCR and capillary gel electrophoresis of PCR products. Capillary electropherograms show clear resolution of PCR products.The x-axis represents the sizes of PCR products and the y-axis shows the fluorescence intensity, which correlates with the abundance of the PCR product.The upper panel shows a wild type of pattern (blue peak).The middle panel shows an additional peak of greater size than the wild-type peak (blue peak on the left).The blue peak on the right represents a FLT3 internal tandem duplication.The lower pane shows the size markers (red peaks) also present in the upper and middle panels. (See Color Plate 5.)...

An orifice plate in the air line to the gasifier indicates the rate of air addition on the control panel. Hot combustion air for start-up of the gasifier is obtained by operating the oil burner on the air preheater. 

Press platens are made from stainless steel or chromium-plated brass and copper. The chromium layer preserves surface quahty longer than does ordinary steel. The MF laminates exhibit a remarkable set of characteristics. Because of their unusual chemical inertness, nonporosity, and nonabsorbance, they resist most substances, such as mild alkalies and acids, alcohols, solvents such as benzene, mineral spirits, natural oils, and greases. No stains are produced on MF surfaces by these substances. In addition to almost unlimited coloring and decorating possibilities, this remarkable resistance has resulted in the extensive use of MF laminated wood-based panel products for tabletops, sales counters, laboratory benches, heavy-duty work areas in factories and homes, wall paneling, and so on. 

Fig. 17 MTT assay of V79 cultured with zinc ion (upper panel) and hexavalent chromium (lower panel). V19 was seeded on a 96-well culture plate and incubated for 24 h in a CO2 incubator. Next, zinc sulfate solution, diluted with a culture medium or potassium dichromate solution diluted with culture medium, was added to each well and cultured 24 additional hours. On day 2, MTT assay was performed according to the recommended protocol (nacalai tesque). p < 0.01 v.s. control (no addition of metal ion)...

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