Probability other

MXH (X = Cl, Br)(Sc, Y, Gd, Lu and probably other Ln) Double metal layers of edge-sharing metal octahedra, M Xg-type environment but with encapsulated H atoms... 

At the moment it is not clear how far our first results concerning the role of defects are influenced by the vacancy concentration of 2%. We have used this rather high concentration in order to have a significant number of vacancies in our systems. It will be necessary to make further simulations using more moderate vacancy concentrations and probably other kinds of defects to get a real understanding of the role of defects in martensitic transformations. 

ANSWER Good point. We have looked at the hippocampus and have found that it is protected. We think that not only dopamine is involved, but probably other catecholamines as well. 

Amides can also be deacylated by partial reduction. If the reduction proceeds only to the carbinolamine stage, hydrolysis can liberate the deprotected amine. Trichloroac-etamides are readily cleaved by sodium borohydride in alcohols by this mechanism.237 Benzamides, and probably other simple amides, can be removed by careful partial reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride (see Section 5.3.1.1).238... 

Central/Tertiary structures The fish olfactory bulb is a fourlayered structure much as in higher vertebrates. Within the 2nd layer, the first synapse for olfactory input is on the dendrites of the mitral cells (MC). About 1000 ORN axons converge on one MC, a ratio similar to mammals. The MC output, from cells at various levels, leads into several glomeruli and receives (inhibitory) input from granule cells. The latter also innervate a distinct cell type in the MC layer of teleosts — the ruffed cells (RC), with which they have reciprocal synapses [Fig. 2.18(a)] both relay cells send ascending fibres to forebrain centres (Kosaka and Hama, 1982). The RC are unlike the MC since they are not stimulated by the ORNs directly. Their interactions (Chap. 5) may contribute to the processing of pheromonal stimuli (Zippel, 2000). The main bulbar pathways project to several nuclei in the forebrain via two ipsilateral tracts, the lateral and medial [Fig. 2.18(b)], the latter mediates sexual behaviour and the former probably other behaviours (Hara,... 

It remains to be determined if one or both of these hypotheses are correct for plant roots. One feature of the inhibition of absorption by salicylic acid (and probably other phenolic acids) that may be relevant to this point is whether the neutral acid or the anion is responsible for the inhibition. In oat roots, the amount of neutral acid present when salicylic acid caused 50% Inhibition of K+ absorption was constant regardless of pH (Figure 6). However, the concentration of anion present changed several orders of magnitude. This result suggests the neutral acid is the species... 

The complete replacement of chlorine in the DDT molecule by fluorine gives (p-FCeH CHCFs, a compound with greatly decreased toxicity toward fruit flies and thrips and probably other species. This reduced activity is matched by the low activity of (p-ClCeH CHCFs which, when contrasted to the potency of DDT and DFDT, shows that the attenuation is caused by the replacement of the three chlorine atoms on the alkane bridge. The corresponding substitution of only one chlorine atom by fluorine gave a compound having as much activity as DDT against the chafer beetle. 

Weschler et al. (1990) reported that the concentration of individual paraffins present in the air of a building was 0.0088-0.262 mg/m3 and was associated with operating a hydraulic elevator. Mineral oil hydraulic fluids, therefore, may be released to the air during use in hydraulic elevators (and probably other hydraulic equipment) and can come from volatilization or as mists or aerosols from fluid reservoirs and mechanisms such as actuation pistons. It is not likely that significant concentrations in air will occur from such sources. 

In the Mediterranean Sea and Middle East area, for example, there are obsidian outflows only in Italy, in some islands in the Aegean Sea, and in Turkey. Artifacts made of obsidian, however, are widely distributed over much of this vast area. Chemical analysis of many of these artifacts has shown that most of the obsidian used to make them originated in one or another of the outflows mentioned, but also in far-distant places such as Armenia and Iran. Plotting on a graph the concentration of selected elements in samples from obsidian sources against that in samples from sites where it was used, enables the identification of the source of the samples (see Fig. 22). Moreover, this type of analysis also makes it possible to trace the routes through which obsidian (and most probably other goods) were traded in antiquity (Renfrew and Dixon 1976). 

Excited states of hydrocarbon molecules often undergo nondissociative transformation, although dissociative transformation is not unknown. In the liquid phase, these excited states are either formed directly or, more often, indirectly by electron-ion or ion-ion recombination. In the latter case, the ultimate fate (e.g., light emission) will be delayed, which offers an experimental window for discrimination. A similar situation exists in liquid argon (and probably other liquefied rare gases), where it has been estimated that -20% of the excitons obtained under high-energy irradiation are formed directly and the rest by recombination (Kubota et al., 1976). 

John Ridd, Gianfranco Scorrano, Ossie Tee, Pietro Traverso, the late Moisei Vinnik, John Warkentin, Lyn Williams, Saul Wolfe, and probably others I have forgotten to mention. 

Because data suggest that doxazosin (and probably other oq-receptor blockers) are not as protective against CV events as other therapies, they should be reserved as alternative agents for unique situations, such as men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. If used to lower BP in this situation, they should only be used in combination with primary antihypertensive agents. 

Reaction (1) is irreversible the enzyme galactokinase has been found in mammalian liver, brain, and erythrocytes, as well as in certain yeasts and other microorganisms. UDPGal, the main product of reaction (2), is the intermediate by means of which the body incorporates galactose into cerebrosides and, probably, other galactolipids, mucopolysaccharides, and lactose galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferase occurs in the liver, to a lesser extent in red cells, and probably in other tissues. 

Mescaline and related alkaloids are found in varying amounts in cacti of the genera Lophophora, Gymnacalycium, Stensonia, Mammillaria, Ariocarpus, Opuntia, Trichocereus, Pelecyphora, and probably others. Members of the Native American Church do quite well with the dried cactus, but extraction of mescaline is desirable since the pure compound seems to produce fewer unpleasant side effects (e.g., nausea). For an excellent review on the occurrence and chemistry of the mescaline type compounds, see JPS 59,1699(1970) (cf. JPS 60,655(1971)). Various species of these cacti occur in southwestern U.S. as well as Central and South America and have been used by the Aztecs and others for millennia. For a good review of peyote see Lloydia 36,1-58(1973). 

Since the ester is relatively insensitive to water (and probably other similar impurities [la, 2b, c]) but the propagating ions are excessively so [lb, 28] we think that in the earlier work the ions formed by the slow dissociation of the styrene-solvated ester were inactivated as quickly as they were formed ions became evident as chain-carriers only when the depletion of monomer removed the stabilising coordinated monomer molecules from the ester and this then ionised very rapidly, producing the final very fast reaction-kick observed by Gandini and Plesch [1]. 

Weathering is clearly a more complicated case than heat ageing alone, because there are temperature effects added to the light and probably other agents such as moisture and ozone as well (see Sections 4.4 and 6.8). Not surprisingly there is no very widely accepted relationship equivalent to Arrhenius. The result is that many workers have developed empirical relations which are usually only shown to be applicable to a narrow range of materials and conditions. 

Finally, one should be cautioned that, occasionally, substances form chiral single crystals of nearly racemic composition. For example, hexahelicene crystals grown from racemic solutions apparently undergo spontaneous resolution, displaying the enantiomorphic space group P2[2,2, however, the e.e. in the crystal is only —2%. This material (and probably others as well) has a lamellar, twinned structure in which alternating layers, 20 p,m thick, of optically pure (/ )-( + )-and (M)-( — )-hexahelicene are perfectly aligned to build up the observed crystal (266). 

There are probably other GRK-related mechanisms required for agonist-induced desensitization, however (149). There is evidence that phosphorylation of the serines and threonines located in the third intracellular loop may, in at least some cases, be a corequisite for desensitization (150). Third-loop mutations exhibited... 

Hydrogen can be substituted by cyanide ion (22) and less easily by hydroxide ion. The leaving tendency of hydrogen is enhanced by oxygen (and probably other oxidants). Even so, the replacement of a nitro-group (23) is generally preferred over that of hydrogen. 

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