Organic vehicle

Basic raw materials are susceptible to hydration and therefore specialty products are shipped dry and mixed with water on-site for gunning or ramming. Certain basic specialties are offered with organic vehicles such as oils and can be used without on-site mixing. Information on manufacturing can be found in References 26—30. 

These chemical composition requirements pertain only to the cuprous oxide powder and do not include requirements for the organic vehicle in which the cuprous oxide is suspended, when appHed in paste form. 

Owing to the low dielectric constant of organic vehicles, these pigments can ionise only after water has permeated the film, consequently their efficiency is associated with the nature of the vehicle in which they are dispersed, a point which is sometimes overlooked when comparing the relative merits of chromate pigments. 

The benzenedithiol nickel complex (125) absorbs radiation in the 800—950 nm range. This material, when dispersed in an organic vehicle and coated on a polyester support, is reported to be suitable for recording with a GaAs laser.258... 

Binders or organic vehicles to hold ingredients together and offer the paint properties required, such as resins and latexes. 

Tapes by dip-coating The process is essentially as described in Section 3.6.6. A silver or silver alloy tape is passed through a slurry of the partially reacted Bi-2223 powder dispersed in an organic vehicle. The coated tape is heated at 800 °C in air to remove organics and then at nearly 900 °C when partial melting and controlled recrystallization takes place. 

The sintered chips are next terminated which involves coating the ends with a paint, in the case of Ag-Pd electroding consisting of a mixture of powdered silver and glass frit, and a suitable organic vehicle, which is fired on at about 800 °C. 

Several microemulsion inkjet inks have been described in the literature. An inkjet phase transition ink in the form of a microemulsion consists of an organic vehicle phase having a colorant dispersed therein, where the vehicle phase is preferably liquid while jetting at temperatures above 70°C and solid upon keeping the substrate at room temperature (22-25°C). This formulation undergoes a phase transition from a microemulsion phase to a lamellar phase upon heating, which allows build up of several layers of inks on the surface of the paper. In a similar concept for phase transition, an ink comprised of an aqueous phase, an oil phase. 

Polyesters are soluble in such organic vehicles as chloroform, dichlorethane, tetrachloroethane, tetrahydrofuran and others. Synthesized copolysulfonarilats have stable indices of inductive capacity in the interval of temperatures 20-200 °C and sufficiently persistent in deluted and concentrated solutions H2S04, HC1, NaOH. The characteristics of these indexes considerably improve for heat-treated blockcopolymers, which is of no small importance for membranous materials. 

To overcome these difficulties, printable compositions were formulated. The printable sensor inks contained three major components the metal oxide, glass frit for adhesion, and organic vehicles that burn off during firing. A catalyst, in the form of a precious metal chloride, was applied and fired on the sintered metal oxide layer alternatively, precious metal resinate solutions were incorporated directly into the ink. Initial tests of these printable layers demonstrated sensor resistivities that changed rapidly and reversibly by as much as a factor of 14. The response time was a few seconds while recovery took about 1 min, although complete recovery was often longer than 16 h. 

Nevertheless, 1 and 10 xM are often arbitrarily selected as the initial concentrations for metabolic stability assays (MacKenzie et al., 2002 Obach and Reed-Hagen, 2002). The effects of organic solvents on enzyme activities have been carefully investigated (Busby et al., 1999 Chauret et al., 1998 Easterbrook et al., 2001). For the purpose of data comparability for enzyme activities, the levels of organic vehicles should, in principle, be kept as low as possible, and consistent in all incubations in a given experiment. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (or acetonitrile), the most commonly used vehicle solvents, should be kept at levels equal to, or preferably less than, 0.2 and 2% (v/v), respectively (Easterbrook et al., 2001 Hickman et al., 1998). 

Barry, 1998). These chemicals alter a compound s permeability within the intercellular lipids of the stratum comeum. Organic vehicles persisting on the surface of the skin may extract stratum comeum lipids that would alter permeability to the marker chemical (Monteiro-Riviere etal., 2001a Rastogi and Singh, 2001). Compounds may also bind to stratum comeum constituents, forming a depot. 

Barone, M.R. and UUcny, J.C. (1990) Liquid-phase transport during removal of organic vehicle in injection moulded ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 3323. 

Evans, J.R.G., Edirisinghe, M.J., WrighL J.K., and Crank, J. (1991) On the removal of organic vehicle from moulded ceramic bodies, Proc. R. Soc. (London) A432, 321. 

To solve the problem of poor adhesion between fiber mats and the substrate, Kim et al. (2006) introduced an additional hot-pressing step after titania fiber deposition. Besides improving adhesion, this treatment was found to have an impact on the microstracture of the fibers as shown in Fig. 2.11. The as-spun metal oxide-polymer composite fibers exhibit a range of diameters from 200 to 500 nm (Fig. 2.11a). When calcined without hot-pressing to remove the organic vehicle, a bundle structure composed of sheaths of 200-500 mn diameters was obtained. In some cases, the outer sheaths were broken, revealing cores filled with 10-nm-thick fibrils as shown in Fig. 2.11c. By introducing the... 

Even before the operation began it was evident that a smoke company had enough organic vehicles for transporting fog oil and supplies from company dumps to forward positions, but too few 2 2-ton trucks to haul oil from the army supply point. The 5 th Division solved the problem of fetching oil from the army supply by augmenting the five company trucks with additional vehicles. This matter of limited organic transportation and its effect on resupply remained a constant... 

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