Paint industry formulations based

Industrially, silicone surfactants are used in a variety of processes including foam, textile, concrete and thermoplastic production, and applications include use as foam stabilisers, defoamers, emulsifiers, dispersants, wetters, adhesives, lubricants and release agents [1]. The ability of silicone surfactants to also function in organic media creates a unique niche for their use, such as in polyurethane foam manufacture and as additives to paints and oil-based formulations, whilst the ability to lower surface tension in aqueous solutions provides useful superwetting properties. The low biological risk associated with these compounds has also led to their use in cosmetics and personal care products [2]. 

Over the last 30 years, the paint industry has become almost completely dependent on materials manufactured from hydrocarbons. Paints made from plant-derived materials such as linseed oil are still produced but latex, epoxy, and urethane-based coatings are made from hydrocarbons. Most of the solvents used in formulating both (plant-derived) oil based and, synthetic paints are extracted or synthesized from hydrocarbons. In many cases the plant derived product, still in use, is reacted with hydrocarbon derived chemicals to improve the film strength, cut the drying time or alter the plant material in some other desirable manner. 

Water-based coatings are now well established in Europe in most paint industry sectors, including the demanding automotive market. The same trend is apparent in the USA and more recently in Asia, albeit with a slower rate of change. Meanwhile, the performance requirements are increasingly more demanding, particularly in the areas of dispersion of difficult pigments, better water resistance and more robust formulations. 

Improved additive design can help formulators address a range of difficult water-based formulation issues. The examples shown cover real industry needs as water-based paints replace solvent-based paints in more demanding industrial applications. 

Coatings formulations based on water borne polymers usually depend on specific ingredients for rheological profile adjustment and overall properties optimization. There is a large variety of additives which can be used to modify the rheology of a system. Natural organic derivatives (e.g. cellulose ethers) have been traditionally used in the paint industry and are well established. Synthetic thickeners, on the other hand, have appeared later but quickly became very popular, mostly because of their ease of use (liquid versus solid)... 

Uses Solvent for electronics, paints/coatings (solv.-based, high-solids systems, stripping formulations, as coalescing agent), printed circuit boards, metal industry Eeatures Non-ozone depleting... 

Uses Rust/corrosion inhibitor for water-based paints/coatings, water-based industrial primers, water-reducible alkyds Features Flash rust/in-can corrosion inhibitor nitrite-free provides belter dried film corrosion protection than water-sol. salts Properties Yel. clear liq. disp. in water sol. in glycol ether, insol. in min. spirits sp.gr. 1.06 dens. 1040 kg/m bulk dens. 8.83 Ib/gal vise. 200 mPa s max. flash pt. > 52 C pH 8.0-10.0 anionic Use Level 0.1 -0.6% (on total formulation wt.)... 

A paint grade of cerium sulfide has also been developed. The pigment has been evaluated in several coatings formulations such as automotive refinish (acrylic-isocyanate binders), general industrial solvent-based systems (polyester-melamine bin-... 

The industrial reaction to this situation is one of compliance, with an increasing use of waterborne paint formulations based on the use of synthetic latices as binders especially in paints for domestic application. Such latices are usually polymeric colloids, of volume fraction from 0.2 to 0.5, dispersed in aqueous surfactant solution, prepared by a process of emulsion polymerization. These dispersions have a slightly turbid appearance, often with a low viscosity of order 1 mPa s. The latices can be readily prepared as near-monodisperse colloids. 

Methylene chloride is the active ingredient in many formulations of paint removers including industrial paint and commercial furniture strippers, home paint removers, and products used for aircraft maintenance. The chemical has a unique ability to penetrate, blister, and lift a wide variety of paint coatings. Formulations of the chemical are used extensively in both flow-over and immersion (dip) tanks in furniture refinishing operations. For the maintenance of military and commercial aircraft, a methylene chloride-based product is often required to inspect the surface for damage. 

Uses. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is of interest in chemical and related industries where low toxicity and minimal environmental impact are important (134). For many years tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol has been used as a specialty organic solvent. The fastest growing appHcations are in formulations for cleaners (135) and paint strippers (136), often as a replacement for chlorinated solvents (137). Other major appHcations include formulations for crop sprays, water-based paints, and the dyeing and finishing of textiles and leathers. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol also finds appHcation as an intermediate in pharmaceutical appHcations. 

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