Packaging of pesticides

In the action of pollution mitigation, industry should make good use of social science and natural science. For example, large sized package of pesticides often result in excessive pesticide use, in this regard, using the smaller sized package of pesticides is not only economically beneficial, but... 

All commercial packages of pesticide formulations must have a label that is approved by competent authorities. The label is an official document and contains important information on the fields of use, the storage, safety precautions, application rates, incompatibilities, and so on. 

Regulate the classification, provision of safety data sheets, labelling and packaging of substances and preparations dangerous for supply. There are specific exceptions, e.g. medicines, pesticides, wastes, radioactive substances or preparations. 

Pesticides produced in the USSR were usually supplied to farms in extremely inconvenient sizes and packaging (in 100- to 200-liter containers, or in 20- to 50-kilogram bags), with labels that were not in accordance with international standards. The concentration of working solutions of pesticides did not hold up. The pesticide delivery technology did not meet requirements. Because of insufficient packaging and specialized technology, up to 20% of the pesticides were lost on the way to the field. Because sprayer construction was of low quality, 30% of the pesticides used were lost. 

Chemical synthesis can include chlorination, alkylation, nitration, and many other substitution reactions. Separation processes include filtration, decantation, extraction, and centrifugation. Recovery and purification are used to reclaim solvents or excess reactants as well as to purify intermediates and final products. Evaporation and distillation are common recovery and purification processes. Product finishing may involve blending, dilution, pelletizing, packaging, and canning. Examples of production facilities for three groups of pesticides foUow. 

One of the four plants presently treats and reuses 75% of its waste stream as vent scrubber washwater. A second plant incinerates formulating/packaging process waste and discharges incinerator blowdown that contains levels of pesticides measured as not detected. 

An LTTA system was used to remediate 41,431 tons of pesticide-contaminated soil at the Arlington Blending and Packaging Superfund site in Arlington, Tennessee. The total project cost was 5,586,376. This figure included 4,293,893 for capital 62,351 for operation and maintenance 633,528 for analysis, excavation, and waste disposal and 596,604 other project costs (D212340, p. 5 D21038Y, p. 57). 

Exposure through the use of dimethylformamide in food processing, food packaging and pesticides may occur, but no data are available (WHO, 1991). 

Toluene as well as the other industrial chemicals occur primarily in apples, oranges and orange juice, bananas, and raisins. It is assumed that the occurrence of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene compounds in these fruit products may be associated with the inactive portion of pesticide formulations or is the result of contacting process equipment. The most frequent occurrence of styrene is in strawberries. This occurrence would be consistent with the ubiquitous plastic wrap or baskets associated with packaging strawberries. 

One approach to reduce the contaminant levels consists in reusing the wasted plastic as the core of the new material. Residues of pesticides or harmful contaminants may limit recycling of plastics as a result of their potential toxicity. Utilisation of post-consumer plastics for pharmaceutical or food-contact applications is forbidden, and multilayer food packaging materials manufactured using functional barriers are subjected to strict regulations [9, 40, 41]. 

The Committee recommended that over-the-counter supply of pesticides for mosquito net treatment should include presentation in single-unit doses only, and that liquid formulations should be packaged in containers with child-proof caps. 

Improve and impart public education specifically on the dangers of pesticide poisoning and the importance of safe storage and proper labeling of containers and packages. 

Purchase of inappropriate products and formulations Poor quality of pesticides and lack of analytical facilities Inappropriate packaging size and labelling Excessive donations and poor co-ordination among aid agencies Change of national policy... 

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