Ownership issues

Pending a resolution of the ownership issue, a number of scenarios can be envisioned. For example, if the Air Force is the owner, the island might be turned over to GSA to sell to the highest bidder for industrial, residential, or recreational use. If FWS becomes the ultimate owner, all of Johnston... 

Pollack, A. 1999. Biological Products Raise Genetic Ownership Issues. New York Times, November 26. 

Where invention ownership issues arise outside of the employer/employee venue, contracts between the parties involved will govern the arrangement much as the employment contract does in the employer/employee venue. In some instances, one of the parties will agree by contract to assign any future patent rights to the other party, often in exchange for a predetermined royalty rate on any products, possibly in... 

While we have seen that many of the ownership issues that arise from inventorship may be obviated by carefully assigning the rights to the invention in advance, this does not completely eliminate the need for proper determination of inventorship. For example, contracts assigning invention may still allow for the inventors to receive a certain percent of royalties should the invention become profitable (e.g., university inventors). However, as we will see in the next section, proper determination of inventorship goes beyond the issue of ownership proper inventorship goes right to the heart of the validity of the patent itself. 

Commercial and ownership issues involving transgenic mice. 

Cost sharing and data ownership issues have been negotiated in attanpts to achieve equitable distribution of burden. As national and regional chemical inventories are translated from developed regions to developing regions, the expenditures borne by the consortia will create opportunity for the local production of surfactants. 

Finally, factories must collect and segregate spent solvent waste as a separate waste stream and thus incur additional cost. These cost of ownership issues are substantially decreased through the use of aqueous, metal-ion free developers based on tetramethylammonium hydroxide which are the semiconductor industry standard for developing positive photoresists. 

New plant constmction will bring iacreased capacity to a level which will depend on real growth to keep sales abreast with production. It is anticipated that consoHdation of ownership will continue and that the trend to specialized busiaesses supporting a plant faciUty will also continue. Pressures from environmental issues could change the cost of final products as well as mandate the use of post-consumer waste resia as feedstock for production. 

In business transactions the parties should have a clear understanding of exactly what constitutes trade secret information and consider how the information will be used and who will retain ownership rights. If the transaction is a pure and simple sale, concerns over ownership may be meritless. However, such concerns might be weU-founded, if further research or commercial development involves similar information. It may also be necessary to consider whether the seUer should be allowed to compete against the buyer in ventures involving the same or related information. These are just some of the issues which arise with the sale of the trade secrets. 

A toller should be open and communicative as early as possible during the process of changing ownership. Both parties should evaluate their relationship and resolve resulting issues. 

Workforce Support for Data Collection and Incident Analysis Systems Few of the incident investigation and data collection systems reviewed provide any guidelines with regard to how these systems are to be introduced into an organization. Section 6.10 addresses this issue primarily from the perspective of incident reporting systems. However, gaining the support and ownership of the workforce is equally important for root cause analysis systems. Unless the culture and climate in a plant is such that personnel can be frank about the errors that may have contributed to an incident, and the factors which influenced these errors, then it is unlikely that the investigation will be very effective. 

Ethical Issues Privacy, Liability, Ownership, and Power... 

ETHICAL ISSUES PRIVACY, LIABILITY, OWNERSHIP, AND POWER... 

The single best source for quick and reasonably thorough access to the body of knowledge associated with computer ethics is Deborah Johnson s Computer Ethics (3rd edition, 2001). The first edition of that work [17], the first book listed under computer ethics in the Philosopher s Index, provides a conceptual framework for the issues of privacy, liability, ownership, and power. Despite its very early appearance in the short history of computer ethics, much of the analysis retains its value. 

If a company plans to finance a large project by issuing new stock, it means that the percentage of the company s ownership represented by one share of stock decreases. As a result, the stock price often goes down after a large new block of stocks is issued. Because of this, when a large new block of stock is issued these stocks must be sold at a price below that currently listed on the stock exchange. 

Wolbert, G. S., 1979, U.S. Oil Pipe Lines — An Examination of Flow Oil Pipe Lines Operate and the Current Public Policy Issues Concerning Their Ownership. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., 556 pp. 

Issues of ownership and appropriability come into play. Indeed, firms have to ensure that appropriate cultural mechanisms and incentives are present to encourage their knowledge workers to codify and share knowledge with their colleagues. How these issues are addressed becomes central in determining the extent to which scaleable structuration unfolds. 

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