Orthophosphate, inorganic salts

The orthophosphates are inorganic salts of orthophosphoric acid which result when one or more of the hydrogen ions of the acid are replaced by other positively charged ions. They are most commonly available in the three sodium forms of the salt monosodium phosphate (in which one sodium ion substitutes for a hydrogen), disodium phosphate, and trisodium phosphate. These are usually abbreviated as MSP, DSP, and TSP, respectively. 

In the presynthetic surfactant era, soap was built (and still is) with alkaline salts such as soda ash, silicates, orthophosphates, and borates. These materials buffer the wash solution to a high pH and prevent soap protonation thus, the soap remains effective. Another type of builder is the neutral inorganic salt such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. These materials may improve detergency by increasing the ionic strength and altering the CMC of anionic surfactants. 

Antisal 4 Caswell No. 898 CCRIS 7086 Dri-Tri EINECS 231-509-8 Emulsiphos 440/660 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076406 HSDB 583 NSC 215202 Nutrifos STP Oakite Phosphoric acid, trisodium salt Sodium orthophosphate Sodium orthophosphate, tertiary Sodium orthophosphate, tribasic Sodium phosphate Sodium phosphate (Na3PO<) Sodium phosphate, tribasic Sodium tertiary phosphate Tertiary sodium phosphate Tribasic sodium orthophosphate Tribasic sodium phosphate Trinatriumphosphat Trisodium orthophosphate Tri-sodium phosphate Tromete TSP TSP-0. Inorganic salt For pH adjustment in food systems cleaning compounds, water treatment, textiles. Water softening agent subject... 

Synonyms Bicalcium phosphate Calcium hydrogen orthophosphate Calcium hydrogen phosphate Calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous Calcium monohydrogen phosphate DCP-0 Dicalcium orthophosphate Dicalcium orthophosphate anhydrous Dicalcium phosphate Phosphoric acid calcium salt (1 1) Secondary calcium phosphate Classification Inorganic salt Empirical HCa04P Formula CaHP04... 

Synonyms MKP Monopotassium orthophosphate Monopotassium phosphate Phosphoric acid monopotassium salt Potassium acid phosphate Potassium biphosphate Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Potassium diphosphate Potassium orthophosphate Potassium phosphate monobasic Potassium phosphate primary Ciassihcation Inorganic salt Empirical H2KO4P Formula H2O4P K... 

Synonyms Calcium orthophosphate Calcium phosphate tertiary Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2 3) Precipitated calcium phosphate TCP Tertiary calcium phosphate Tribasic calcium phosphate Tricalcium bis (orthophosphate) Tricalcium orthophosphate Tricalcium phosphate Classification Inorganic salt... 

Synonyms Dibasic potassium phosphate Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Dipotassium monophosphate Dipotassium orthophosphate Dipotassium phosphate DKP Phosphoric acid dipotassium salt Classification Inorganic salt Empiriced HK2O4P Formula K2HPO4... 

Synonyms Phosphoric acid trisodium salt Tribasic sodium phosphate Trisodium orthophosphate Trisodium phosphate (INCI) TSP TSP-0 Classification Inorganic salt Empirical Na P Formula (NaOjjPO... 

Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs), also called condensed phosphates, are linear polymers of tetrahedral orthophosphate units linked through common oxygen atoms by phosphoanhydride bonds (Figure 1A). PolyPs can be formed in the laboratory or in nature by temperature- or pressure-induced condensation of acid orthophosphate salts accordingly, they are prepared synthetically by heating the... 

The solid-phase inorganic phosphates constitute a vast family of materials of considerable technological importance. Orthophosphate salts of most elements of the periodic table are known and may include minerals, synthetic products, acid salts, hydrates, and polymorphic varieties (17). The continuing scientific interest in phosphate materials reflects their practical applications as fertilizers, catalysts, phosphors, ion conductors, piezoelectric materials, biotechnological materials, and sorbents (18). 

Chemical methods for the detection and estimation of phosphorus in a compound are many and varied, but they usually require the phosphorus to be first obtained in the form of inorganic orthophosphate. For this, a prior oxidation and/or hydrolysis may have to be carried out. Insoluble phosphates are dissolved in mineral acids, with boiling if necessary. In some cases, fusion with alkaline fluxes (e.g. boric acid and sodium carbonate at lOOO C) is needed, followed by water or acid extraction of the soluble phosphates produced. Cation exchange resins may sometimes be used to convert insoluble into soluble phosphate salts. Numerous extraction and clean-up procedures have been prescribed for determination of the P content of compounds of bio origin. Pre-treatment of the sample by chemical methods is sometimes a necessary procedure before examination by physical methods (e.g. spectrophotometty), can be undertaken. 

This chapter reviews the production of sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium salts of hypochlorite as well as a crystalline complex of hydrated trisodium orthophosphate and sodium hypochlorite known as chlorinated trisodium phosphate. These inorganic hypochlorite salts are used in detergent and cleaning products to kill all types of pathogens, decolorize stains, and break down and remove many kinds of soil. They are also widely used for water and wastewater disinfection and a variety of industrial uses. 

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