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Orientation, assessment

The objective of the book is not to turn the reader into a specialist in thermal safety. It is to guide those who perform risk analysis of chemical processes, develop new processes, or are responsible for chemical production, to understand the thermal aspects of processes and to perform a scientifically founded-but practically oriented-assessment of chemical process safety. This assessment may serve as a basis for the optimization or the development of thermally safe processes. The methods presented are based on the author s long years of experience in the practice of safety assessment in industry and teaching students and professionals... [Pg.392]

Conventional agriculture if international market oriented, assessment is mainly xxx ... [Pg.22]

Characterize the relationships between CL and ERA approaches for impact-oriented assessment of airborne pollutant deposition on natural ecosystems. [Pg.532]

Recently Wright et al. have obtained room temperature values of all five elastic constants for uniaxially drawn polymethylmethacrylate (Perspex) and polystyrene (Carinex) by measuring the critical angle for total reflection of an ultrasonic beam incident on immersed samples. The specimens were stretched by similar extents at different temperatures, with orientation assessed by measurements of optical birefringence. [Pg.320]

The form of this tool is also a maturity matrix shown in Table 5.7. The Table 5.7 matrix is future oriented, assessing whether or not the skills are available to move to the next level. [Pg.69]

The assessment is itself composed of two parts. The scientific assessment identifies the mathematical and physical algorithms of the model. The user-oriented assessment concerns operational aspects such as costs and ease of use. [Pg.425]

The user-oriented assessment describes how easy the model is to use on aspects such as ... [Pg.437]

The Associated Documentation. The MEG documents suggest that the user-oriented assessment should cover the aspects fitness-for-purpose and ease-of-use (EC, 1994a, b). Fimess-for-purpose refers to the degree to which the model is able to provide the necessary... [Pg.437]

Possible Improvements. Suggestions for possible improvements in the ease-of-use category are best located in the user-oriented assessment. [Pg.439]

There is possibility of confusion regarding use of two standards viz ISO 13489. lEC 62061. Normally when medium other than electrical system, ISO 13489 may be more appropriate. Whereas for customer demand for demonstrating safety lEC 62061 may appropriate. Fot safety-related control systems, standard components can be used as it is allowed as pet standard also. However, safety components offer the advantage of reducing workload as the safety-oriented assessment, and analysis of the components used, is carried out by the producer of the safety components. For functional safety, the systematic integrity of components is taken into account, in addition to the use of a suitable category, the implementation of necessary fault detection and the... [Pg.506]

Diffusion losses of aerosol nanoparticles can be quantified for empty filter housings under various conditions and with different orientations. Assessing and understanding the diffusion losses associated with filter housing interior volumes is important for the following reasons. Filtration efficiency is commonly calculated using Equation 3 below ... [Pg.227]

Whole molecule methods Fit known compounds into an active site in various orientations, assessing shape and/or electrostatic complementarity. [Pg.2]

As with chemical etches, developing optimum conversion coatings requires assessment of the microstructure of the steel. Correlations have been found between the microstructure of the substrate material and the nature of the phosphate films formed. Aloru et al. demonstrated that the type of phosphate crystal formed varies with the orientation of the underlying steel crystal lattice [154]. Fig. 32 illustrates the different phosphate crystal morphologies that formed on two heat-treated surfaces. The fine flake structure formed on the tempered martensite surface promotes adhesion more effectively than the knobby protrusions formed on the cold-rolled steel. [Pg.991]

The severe accident research program improved public risk assessment, reduced uncertainties, and the reliance on subjective expert opinion. To close two severe accident issues in NRC s Severe Accident Research Plan (NUREG-1365) Mark I Liner Attack and Direct Containment Heating (DCH) were addressed with a new approach using the Risk Oriented Accident Analysis Method (ROAAM) (Theofanous, 1994, 1989). The resolution of the Mark-I Liner Attack issue constitutes the first full demonstration of ROAAM. It emphasizes the determinism and provides a basis for synergistic collaboration among experts through a common communication frame. [Pg.401]

Several tools can be used to evaluate the environmental consequences of an industrial ventilation project. Some of the most common methods used are covered in this chapter. The life cycle assessment tool is considered in detail, as it is a comprehensive and product-oriented approach that is covered by international standardization. Other tools, such as risk assessment, cost-benefit... [Pg.1357]

The SPEAR framework to be described in subsequent sections is designed to be used either as a stand-alone methodology, to provide an evaluation of the human sources of risk in a plant, or in conjunction with hardware orientated analyses to provide an overall system safety assessment. The overall structure of the framework is set out in Figure 5.4. [Pg.207]

PROBLEM DEFINITION. This is achieved through plant visits and discussions with risk analysts. In the usual application of THERP, the scenarios of interest are defined by the hardware orientated risk analyst, who would specify critical tasks (such as performing emergency actions) in scenarios such as major fires or gas releases. Thus, the analysis is usually driven by the needs of the hardware assessment to consider specific human errors in predefined, potentially high-risk scenarios. This is in contrast to the qualitative error prediction methodology described in Section 5.5, where all interactions by the operator with critical systems are considered from the point of view of their risk potential. [Pg.227]

The quantitative assessment of the degree of crystallite orientation by x-ray examination is not free of ambiguity. From a comparative analysis [23] in which results obtained from the consideration of (105) and from three different variations of equatorial reflection were compared, the conclusion was that the first procedure can lead to underrated results, i.e., to the underestimation of the orientation. However, it can be assumed that this does not result from an incorrect procedure, but from ignoring the fact that the adjacent (105) reflex can overlap. The absence of the plate effect of the orientation is characteristic of the orientation of crystallites in PET fibers. The evidence of this absence is the nearly identical azimuthal intensity distributions of the diffracted radiation in the reflexes originating from different families of lattice planes. The lack of the plate effect of orientation in the case of PET fiber stretching has to do with the rod mechanism of the crystallite orientation. [Pg.846]

The orientation of crystallites in PET fibers can also be assessed quantitatively by means of IR spectro-graphic examination. In this case, the basis for the assessment are the values of dichroic ratio (R) of the crystalline absorption bands in the fiber spectrogram. The determination of the values of fc is made using Fraser s dependence [24,25] modified by Chranowski [26] ... [Pg.846]

The amorphous orientation is considered a very important parameter of the microstructure of the fiber. It has a quantitative and qualitative effect on the fiber de-formability when mechanical forces are involved. It significantly influences the fatigue strength and sorptive properties (water, dyes), as well as transport phenomena inside the fiber (migration of electric charge carriers, diffusion of liquid). The importance of the amorphous phase makes its quantification essential. Indirect and direct methods currently are used for the quantitative assessment of the amorphous phase. [Pg.847]

The quantitative assessment of the overall orientation of PET fibers is generally made on the basis of fiber optical anisotropy measurements, i.e., measurements of the optical birefringence of the fiber. The determination of the value of optical birefringence makes it possible to determine the value of Hermans function of orientation based on the equation ... [Pg.847]

Assessing the patient s general condition and including observations such as skin color (pale, cyanotic, flushed), orientation, level of consciousness, and the patient s general status (such as appears acutely ill or appears somewhat ill). All observations must be recorded to provide a means of evaluating the response to drag therapy. [Pg.373]

There are two major aspects to this discussion of orientation in polymers. First, there is the question of defining orientation, and the information which can be obtained in principle by any given spectroscopic technique regarding orientation in a polymer. This leads directly to the problem of relating orientation to deformation mechanisms, because this may permit comparatively limited information to be put to optimum use. Secondly, there is the relationship between orientation and physical properties, especially mechanical properties, where such information has been valuable in stimulating and assessing practical developments such as high modulus polymers. [Pg.83]


See other pages where Orientation, assessment is mentioned: [Pg.335]    [Pg.283]    [Pg.434]    [Pg.437]    [Pg.437]    [Pg.247]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.283]    [Pg.434]    [Pg.437]    [Pg.437]    [Pg.247]    [Pg.2556]    [Pg.680]    [Pg.494]    [Pg.261]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.503]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.567]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.855]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.748]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.862]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.1126 ]




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