Scientific Assessment

Scientific Assessment of Ocyone Depletion 1991, Report No. 25, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Geneva, 1991. 

Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ocyone 1989, United Nations Environment Program and World Meteorological Organization, New York, 1989. 

Determination and assessment of the risks of hazardous chemical agents requires knowledge of, among other things, the nature of the agents, the type and duration of the exposure, the gravity of risk, and the criteria chosen for the OEL. The purpose is to make quantitative measurements of the work environment in order to compare the exposure with the limit value by means of an independent scientific assessment using the best available scientific methodol-... 

Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric OzoTie 1989, World Meterological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No 20, 7 and 2, 1989... 

The decentralised procedure can be used in cases where the product has never been authorised in any of the Member States, and the applicant wishes to obtain a license in a number of states simultaneously. The applicant must submit applications with the complete dossier to the Competent Authorities of each of the Member States where authorisation is desired. A single Member State should be chosen as the reference state to undertake the scientific assessment ofthe complete dossier, while the other states are designated as concerned states. The review process has many parallels vhth the centralised procedure, in that similar time lines exist, the reference State plays the role ofthe rapporteur, and the concerned States replace the CHMP. Once all States have validated that the dossiers are complete, the reference State is allowed 70 days to review the dossier and prepare a preliminary assessment report, which is circulated to the concerned Member States and the applicant. Comments from the concerned Member States and applicant responses are collected so that by day 120 the reference State may issue a draft assessment report together vhth draft SPC, label and leaflet texts. The clock may be stopped until requested responses from the applicant are received. The application then enters the second step in the assessment process, during which all the concerned Member States consider the... 

Climate change The IPCC Scientific Assessment-, Houghton, J.T. Jenkins,G.J. Ephraums, J.J. Eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. 1990. 

IPCC (1990). "Climate Change The IPCC Scientific Assessment" (J. T. Houghton et al., eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 

Watson, R. T., Rodhe, H., Oeschger, H. and Siegentha-ler, U. (1990). Greenhouse gases and aerosols. In "Climate Change, the IPCC Scientific Assessment" Q. T. Houghton, G. J. Jenkins and J. J. Ephraums, eds), pp. 1-40. Cambridge University Press, New York. 

An additional area of concern with respect to stratospheric ozone is possible direct emissions of NOj into the stratosphere by high-flying supersonic aircraft. This issue has come up repeatedly over the past 20 years, as air travel and pressure from commercial airlines has increased. However, despite substantial research effort to understand stratospheric chemistry, the question is complicated by the changing levels of stratospheric chlorine, first due to a rapid accumulation of tropospheric CFCs, followed by a rapid decline in CFC emissions due to the Montreal Protocol. To quote from the from the 1994 WMO/UN Scientific assessment of ozone depletion, executive summary (WMO 1995) ... 

This committee will offer advice to the competent authority (HSE) on all aspects involving biocides. It will be composed mainly of independent members and have an independent chairman. Other Government Departments will sit on the committee acting as advisors. There will also be an interdepartmental committee which will work with the competent authority on the scientific assessments and risk assessments. 

Hydropower use for electricity generation is responsible for a wide array of enviromnental disturbances to river systems. Over the past decades, aquatic science research has been successful in identifying a considerable number of relationships that exist between plant operation and ecosystem quality. This increase in scientific knowledge was, however, not matched by a corresponding reduction in environmental impacts stemming from hydropower. One of the major reasons for this situation is that political, economic, and social aspects are neglected in purely scientific assessments of environmental impacts. 

According to the Directive, an active substance cannot be used in a PPP unless it is included in an EU positive list. The Directive also requires very extensive risk assessments for effects on health and environment to be carried out, before a PPP can be placed on the market and used. In 1992, the European Commission started a Community-wide review process for aU active substances used in PPPs within the EU. Based on scientific assessments, each applicant had to prove that a substance could be used safely regarding human health, the environment, ecotoxicology and residues in the food chain. This program will be completed by 2008. From the end of 2003, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) deals with risk assessment issues and the European Commission retains the risk... 

Houghton, J. T., G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums, eds. 1990. Climate Change The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 

In order to launch innovator products pharmacopoeial specifications are not necessary as the manufacturers quality specifications have to pass rigor scientific assessment by the competent regulatory authorities in conjunction with pre-clinical and clinical safety and efficacy data. It is important to notice... 

Wellford, Charles E, John V. Pepper, and Carol V. Pertrie, eds. Firearms and Violence What Do We Know Washington, D.C. National Academies Press, 2004. Members of the National Research Council s Committee to Improve Research and Data on Firearms attempt to scientifically assess the quality of the existing data, believing this to be essential to doing good science in a field often distorted by advocacy. 

In summary, the chemistry of the stratosphere and the effects of anthropogenic perturbations on it have a rich history, with new chemistry that continues to unfold. For reviews of various aspects of the chemistry and history, see Cicerone (1981, 1987), Rowland (1989, 1992,1993), Molina (1991), Rowland and Molina (1994), Toohey (1995), Brasseur et al. (1995), chapters by Li et al. (1995a), Anderson, and Sander et al. in the book edited by Barker (1995), chapters by Brune, Middle-brook and Tolbert, Wilson, and Brasseur et al. in the book edited by Macalady (1998), and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 1995 and 1999 reports Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion. ... 

World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Scientific Assessment of Global Depletion, Report No. 44, published February, 1999. 

World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)/NASA/ UNEP Scientific Assessment Report No. 37, University of Colorado Publications Services,... 

For the first time, this book makes available an unblinking scientific assessment of the impact of chemicals, and chemical policies, on human health. Technically sophisticated, yet argued in language accessible to the layman, this book will fundamentally redirect the policy debate. It may even change the way you think. ... 

What constitutes science, and where is the line that separates a politically inspired document posing as science from a legitimate scientific assessment When does science become junk science ... 

The basic rule of science is that hypotheses must be verified by testing their predictions against observed data.9 Hypotheses that cannot be tested can be useful, but they are not science. Hypotheses that are tested and fail must be modified and retested, or simply rejected. Science that relies upon hypotheses that have failed a comparison with reality is junk science. A computerized climate model, however sophisticated, is indeed nothing more than a hypothesis until it is verified by testing against reality. If it fails that test, and it continues to be used for a scientific assessment, that assessment then falls into the junk science category. 

It is clear that the USNA Synthesis Team crossed a clear line when it employed indefensible scientific models to generate a supposedly scientific assessment of prospective climate change in the... 

United Nations Environment Program/World Meteorological Organisation of Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Scientific Assessment of the Stratosphere 1992, UNEP Nairobi. 1992. 

World Meteorological Organization (1992) Scientific assessment of ozone depletion 1991, Global ozone research and monitoring project. Rep. 25, Geneva, Switzerland. 

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