References purpose

Attention should be given in the fact, that penetration of eddy currents in residual austenite will be slightly deeper than in the martensite structure of steel, as austenite shows low electrical conductivity. The signal originatimg from the austenite structure will be amplified in effect of the influence of the structure found at greater depth. There will be no error as the method of measurement is compartable and the samples made for reference purposes will have the same structure as the studied part. 

A major difficulty in an inorganic text is to strike a balance between a short readable book and a longer, more detailed text which can be used for reference purposes. In reaching what we hope is a reasonable compromise between these two extremes, we acknowledge that both the historical background and industrial processes have been treated very concisely. We must also say that we have not hesitated to simplify complicated reactions or other phenomena—thus, for example, the treatment of amphoterism as a pH-dependent sequence between a simple aquo-cation and a simple hydroxo-anion neglects the presence of more complicated species but enables the phenomena to be adequately understood at this level. 

The properties of a number of sugars are coUected in Table 111,139 the specific rotations in water are included for reference purposes. 

It is unnecessary to remove invalid or obsolete documents if you provide staff with the means of determining the pertinent issues of documents to use. There are often valid reasons for retaining obsolete documents. What may be obsolete in one situation may not be obsolete in another. In simple terms an obsolete document is one which is no longer required for operational purposes. As stated earlier, there are cases where various issues of the same document may need to be used and in such cases none of the documents is obsolete. One may need to remove copies of previous versions of a document but retain the master for reference purposes. You cannot demonstrate to an assessor that you corrected a deficiency if you don t retain the version that contained the deficiency as well as the subsequent version. 

Other carbides, besides those listed above, have been produced by CVD, mostly on an experimental basis. These materials are generally of lesser industrial interest at the present time and are listed here for reference purposes ... 

Figure 6.11 A 3D heteronuclear HMQC-COSY spectrum of a tripepiide. The o),-axis represents N chemical shifts, whereas the (Or and 88, copyright (1988), with permission from Academic Pre.ss, Inc.)...

Almost carbon (C) in waste is oxidized into C02 through combustion process. A small amount is converted into carbon monoxide (CO), but this is often ignored. According to IPCC 2006, only fossil C02 is accounted as GHG emission source, while C02 which is formed from C bio is considered neutral and not added to total GHGs emission. However, amount of C02 bio was still calculated for reference purpose. C02 emission in RDF utilization process (burning process) is calculated based on fossil carbon content of waste fractions by the following formula ... 

Polymer Charge Density. The effect of polymer charge density is illustrated in detail in Figure 7. For reference purposes, values obtained in the absence of the polymer are 0.4 mm/s, 38%,... 

The chemical structures of five dextrans were partially determined by methylation, and found to be branched molecules having the following types of substitution (a) 6-0 and 3,6-di-O, (b) 6-0, 3-0, and 3,6-di-O, (c) 6-0,3,6-di-O, and 2,3-di-O, (d) 6-0, 4-0, and 3,4-di-O, and (e) 6-0 and 2,3-di-O. At 27° and pH 7 (external, Me4Si standard), the 13C shifts ofO-substituted, non-anomeric carbon atoms were C-2 (76.5), C-3 (81.6), and C-4 (79.5). The C-l resonances were also recorded, and may be used for reference purposes. Some variation of chemical shifts, relative to each other, was observed with changing temperature. (The work serves to emphasize the importance of accurately measuring the temperature of the solution when determining chemical shifts.102)... 

There are a large number of statistical procedures published to test for constancy of variance ( 28-30 ). The Hartley Test was chosen for this task because of its simplicity ( ). Selected critical values for the H statistic at a =0.05 are shown in Table IV for reference purposes. 

The most commonly used computer fire models simulate the consequences of a fire in an enclosure. Zone models, as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, are used for this purpose. While they are in wide use, enclosure models have limited application in assessing hazards in the petrochemical industry. They are briefly described in this Appendix for general reference purposes. 

Other classes of reference materials now in existence include secondary reference materials. These are materials produced commercially for reference purposes, but whose guarantee rests soley with the producer. "Analyzed" materials such as geological materials obtained from the United Staes Geological Survey, represent test samples that complement the variety available from the previously mentioned sources. However, the "accepted" analyses reported for these materials are based upon consensus values obtained from large scale interlaboratory collaborative tests (round robins). Analysis of these materials can provide a useful means of comparing performance with other laboratories, but it does not ensure accuracy. In addi-... 

Some of the common reagent chemicals and solvents are usually referred to by acronyms, a sequence of letters derived from either the systematic name or a trivial name. We shall encounter some of these in due course, and both name and acronym will be introduced when we first meet them. For reference purposes, those we shall meet are also listed in Table 1.5. Far more examples occur with biochemicals. Those indicated cover many, but the list is not comprehensive. 

Can be used for reference purposes and for revising material previously learned. 

Note that (a) the reverse steps are needed for steady-state treatment (b) the k-4 step is not shown because the initial rate of exchange is being measured and (c) only the unlabeled enzyme concentration is included in the derivation because the concentration factors of labeled enzyme forms will cancel out during the derivation. Also, each enzyme form is assigned a number for reference purposes. 

A sample of a standard calcium carbonate slurry was received from a large manufacturer in the USA. This sample was subjected to preservative efficacy testing according to the ASTM E 723-91 test protocol. Preservative treated samples were inoculated with a mixed bacterial inoculum containing organisms with a known tolerance or resistance to BIT (l,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one). Untreated controls were included for reference purposes. The test procedure is outlined below. 

Figure 12.6 Raman spectra of liquid [C4Cjlm]X, where X = Cl (a), Br (b), 1 (c), [BF4] (d), and [PF ] (e). The anion bands in (d) and (e) have been deleted (Hamaguchi, H., and Ozawa, R., Adv. Chem. Phys., 131, 85-104, 2005). Spectra of [C4Cilm]Cl Crystal (1) and crystalline [C4Cjim]Br, respectively, are included as (f) and (g), for reference purposes (Adapted from Hamaguchi, H., and Ozawa, R., Adv. Chem. Phys., 131,85-104, 2005. With permission.)...

For reference purposes, we consider first adiabatic population transfer in a subset of three states decoupled from the full manifold of states. This adiabatic transfer can be driven by STIRAP. The subset of states we consider consists of 1200000), 1300000) and 200020), and the population transfer is from 200000) to 1200020). In the following paragraph, we refer to these states as 11), 5 ), and 6), respectively. We note that state 210011) with energy 5658.1828 cm is nearly degenerate with state 1200020) with energy 5651.5617 cm . We refer to 1210011) as state 9). Since the transition moment coupling states 11) and 6) is one order of... 

Because of these two separate and largely inaccessible chiral centers there are, in theory, four distinct isomers of ibogaine which are difficult to resolve. When the term "synthetic" is used in regard to ibogaine in the scientific journals, it usually applies to the resynthesis of the parent alkaloid from the demethylated metabolite. For reference purposes, here are the finger print number from the infrared spectra For the free base IR (in cm-1) 741, 799, 830, 1037, 1111, 1148 mp 152-153 °C. For the hydrochloride salt IR (in cm-1) 638, 810, 832, 925, 1031, 1149 mp 299-300 °C (dec). 

Results of operation on the 50-barrel pilot unit are presented in Table I. Figures from the Kellogg report are shown for reference purposes, although strictly these cannot be compared with the 50-barrel-per-day results because of considerable difference in feed stock type, and because the molybdenum catalysts used were not identical. 

Although this is a textbook, it has been designed to have reference value also. Students preparing for qualifying examinations and practicing organic chemists will find that Part 2 contains a survey of what is known about the mechanism and scope of about 580 reactions, arranged in an orderly manner based on reaction type and on which bonds are broken and formed. Also valuable for reference purposes are the previously... 

Fig. 4-2. Effect of NO concentration, N02 partial pressure, and temperature on reaction rate of NO oxidation, with oxygen partial pressure between 6 and 8 torr. Tie lines indicate slight effect of N02 on initial rate. Dashed curves have slope two and are shown for reference purposes. Both axes are on a logarithmic scale. Lower curves on plots for 2 and 4 torr N02 represent initial (time zero) data. Tie lines connect points where all other variables except [NOa] are constant (from Treacy and Daniels429 with permission of the American Chemical Society).

Every batch of finished product, should be checked to ensure that it tastes normal (i.e. is free from off-tastes). Although the tasters should be familiar1 with the product s flavour and odour they should always be provided with an approval control for reference purposes. Incoming raw materials such as sugar1 and water should also be assessed to ensure that they will not impart any off-tastes to the finished product. 

An excellent collection of NMR and IR spectra for reference purposes is found in The Aldrich Library of 13 C and 1H FT NMR Spectra and The Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra. Both are available in most libraries and the former can be purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. A variety of compilations of mass spectral data are available seeF. S. McLafferty and D. B. Stauffer, The Wiley/NBS Registry of Mass Spectral Data, 5th ed., Wiley Interscience, New York, 1988. 

Small specimens of all products, including reaction intermediates isolated from reaction sequences, and particularly samples of fractions isolated as the result of lengthy chromatographic or other purification procedures, should invariably be retained for reference purposes. The commercially available straightsided specimen tubes with polyethylene plug seals, which are available in a range of sizes, are suitable in the case of solid samples. It is usually advantageous to label them with the name and a code reference to enable physical data (elemen-... 

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