Ordinary commodities

Prequalification of products and manufacturers, purchasing, storage and distribution are complex processes that may involve many offices, procurement agencies, sections or departments and several stages of administration, finance and technical decisions. Pharmaceutical products are not ordinary commodities of trade and require special attention. Support from the offices responsible for quality assurance is crucial. The efficiency of the procedures depends in great part on the use of a proven method in a consistent manner. The use of a standard approach will ensure consistency in all activities involved in procurement of pharmaceutical products of defined acceptable quality. 

I 40 CFR Part 152 Pesticide Products 40 CFR Part 261 Hazardous Wastes NFPA 30B Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 231 General Storage (Ordinary Commodities)... 

NFPA 231C Rack Storage of Materials (Ordinary Commodities)... 

Ordinary commodities, plastics, elastomers and rubber 13, 231 and 231C... 

Reduces vapor production with liquid fuels Separates fuel from air Cooling Prevents radiative feedback Flammable and combustible liquid spills Ordinary commodities Materials that react with water or foam agent Metals Less effective with pressurized or spill fires Electrically conductive Requires clean up after discharge Secures fuel from reignition Acts as wetting agent with ordinary commodities Non-toxic... 

Chemically inhibits combustion chain reaction Ordinary commodities Flammable and combustible liquids Electrical fires Metals Materials that react with heptafluoropropane Sealed compartments required for total flooding systems May generate corrosive byproducts when exposed to fire Concentrations required for extinguishment are not immediately lethal Readily dispersed Electrically non-conductive Self-pressurizing agent Environmentally benisn... 

Urea and potassium bicarbonate Potassium chloride Potassium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate Chemically inhibits combustion chain reaction Blocks radiation Cooling Flammable and combustible liquids Electrical fires Ordinary commodities Metals... 

As noted in Chapter 2, fire hazard classification systems are not based on uniform test methodologies for all commodities. In some cases, such as aerosol products, the classification is based on a quantifiable, heat of combustion criteria. However, with most ordinary commodities, the current classification is based on a subjective determination. Additional research to develop objective test methodologies for all commodities, including packaging systems, is needed. 

Ordinary Commodity A term used to describe a commodity not having special properties or hazards and is categorized by its relative fire hazard. Ordinary commodities can be further classified as follows ... 

Babor, T., R. Gaetano and S. Casswell (2003). Alcohol, no ordinary commodity Research and public polity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England (as cited by Howat et ah, 2004),... 

The elements exist in various physical states. Those which are gases at the ordinary temperature, however, have all been condensed to the liquid state by sufficient reduction of temperature. The lowering of temperature is most easily produced by means of liquid air, now a cheap commodity. 

Naval stores products have a wide range of uses from ordinary household commodities to complex industrial applications, as outlined below.42... 

In order to modify the human organism, so that it may acquire skill and handiness in a ven braruh of industry, and become labour>power of a special kind, a special education or training is iequi te, and this, on its part, costs an equivalent in commodities of a greater or less amount This amount varies according to the more or less complicated character of the labour-power. The expenses of this education (excessively small in the case of ordinary labour-power) enter pro tanto into the total value spent in its production. ... 

Class I (NFPA 231/231C)—Class I commodity is defined as essentially noncombustible products on wood pallets, in ordinary corrugated cartons with or without single-thickness dividers, or in ordinary paper wrappings, all on wood pallets. Such products are permitted to have a negligible amount of plastic trim, such as knobs or handles. 

NFPA30,4.5.2.8.(a) 4.3.4.2 Where flanunable liqrrids are packaged together with ordinary combustibles, such as in kits, storage shall be considered on the basis of whichever commodity predominates. 

Cultural iatrogenesis - a deep culturally mediated sapping of people s ability to deal with sickness and death. Ordinary suffering and the experience of life and death then become commodities, illnesses that required treatment, rather than life to be lived and experienced - the paralysis of healthy responses to illness and suffering in Illich s memorable phrase. 

Two FM Global standard commodities were selected for this project Class 2 and Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic (CUP). The Class 2 commodity consists of three double-walled corrugated paper cartons. Inside the cartons is a five-sided sheet metal liner, representing non-combustible content and the cartoned liner is supported on an ordinary, two-way, slatted deck, hardwood pallet (see Fig. 2.1). 

Five different kinds of fibers were used for the study. Cotton fiber is the base fiber, and four types of binder fibers, ordinary cellulose acetate (OCA), plasticized cellulose acetate (PCA), Eastar Bio copolyester unicomponent (Eastar), and Eastar Bio copolyester bicomponent (Eastar/PP) fibers. The chemical name of Eastar Bio copolyester is poly(tetramethylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PTAT). The cotton fiber used in this research as the carrier fiber was supplied by Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC. The scoured and bleached commodity cotton fiber had a moisture content of 5.2%, a micronaire value of 5.4 and an upper-half-mean fiber length of 24.4 mm. Both the OCA and PCA binder fibers were provided by Celanese Corporation, Charlotte, NC while the Eastar and Eastar/PP bicomponent binder fibers selected for this study were produced by Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN. The plasticizer used in PCA binder fiber is triethyl citrate ester (C12H20O7) with a weight concentration around 2%. The bicomponent Eastar/PP has a sheath core structure with Eastar as the sheath and PP as the core. The properties of these selected fibers are listed in Table 10.3. 

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