Operator analyses

Two operators analysing the same sample by the same method obtain results with different spreads. Is there a significant difference in precision between the results ... 

It is becoming more and more evident that in situ techniques are indispensable for future development in catalysis research, since catalyst properties during operation conditions can be dramatically different to those inferred from pre-and post-operation analyses [117,132]. It is well known that catalyst particles change shape, sinter into larger particles, or even may volatilize in the form of, for example, carbonyls, volatile oxides, or organometallic compounds in the course of a catalytic process, which in turn alter the surface kinetics occurring... 

The types of information on hydrocarbons from petroleum and natural gas vary widely. The patent literature on manufacture and separation of the hydrocarbons is voluminous. Articles in chemical, engineering, and oil journals include reviews, descriptions of processes, descriptions of entire plants, discussions of construction materials for these plants, discussions of the adaptation of conventional facilities for production of specific hydrocarbons, discussions of utilization, enumeration of plants operating, analyses of present requirements, and predictions of future demands. Many of these journals also publish news items announcing the availability of new hydrocarbons and the construction of new plants. Recently a number of journals have established the practice of publishing staff reports on a specific product or group of products. These give the present status... 

The feasibility of using a portable flow injection system for the in situ monitoring of river water was demonstrated by the design and deployment of a field instrument with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of phosphate [4], Solid-state technology (LED source and photodiode detector) was used to construct a compact, battery-operated analyser that could operate without maintenance for several weeks, yielding reliable, pseudo-continuous results. The monitor was further applied to the determination of nitrate [5] and ammonium [6] in river waters. Details of the instrumentation were also reported [7,8]. 

Further contributions beyond these, which were not previously considered in Ref. 20 and 21, expressions appearing here and also in Fukui et are the field-induced spin-orbit contributions (considered by Ref.22) and the term arising from the combination of mass-velocity, external field, Fermi contact operators (analysed by Ref. 9). In addition to these, there are the new terms derived in this work which have not appeared in the literature previously and remain to be treated quantitatively. 

Conducting hazard identification studies (HAZIDs), hazard and operability analyses... 

The posterior distributions do however not produce a total measure of imcertainty. The assessments are based on a set of assumptions and suppositions and these could hide or camouflage imcertain-ties. Consider for example the use of historical data for stuck-pipe downtime. In the probabilistic analysis we assume that the data are representative for the operations analysed. But the data used could to varying degree reflect the actual operations. There is considerable arbitrariness in the filter adopted to generate the input data of the analysis. The result is that we may experience surprising outcomes relative to what are expected from the probabiUstic analysis. 

Operator Analyses. The operator analysis schedule (Table 13.5) will depend to some extent upon the cell room configuration, the use of feed brine acidification, and the amount of analytical equipment provided. If the last item is limited, manual analysis will form a primary basis of control. If on-line instrumentation (e.g., density meters) is provided, operator analyses serve as checks on the correct functioning of the instruments. The analyses and frequencies given in the table are typical for a multi-electrolyzer bipolar cell room. The plant operators will also carry out routine analyses for process control purposes in other areas, as given in Table 13.6. 

Full scale, full pressure prototypical testing of pressurizer safety valves was performed by EPRI in 1981 (Reference 1). The blowdown settings required to insure stable valve operation during the blowdown from the set pressure were above the 5% setting specified in the ASME Code. In order to insure that the extended blowdown would not adversely affect overpressure protection or plant operation, analyses were performed to evaluate the NSSS response. The analyses described below demonstrate that a blowdown setting, including associated uncertainties, of 18.5% is acceptable. 

Financial Times Business. Global Mining Directory. 2001-. London FT Business. Provides details of the world s nonferrous metals industry with in-depth operational analyses, ownership, and subsidiary information, plus three-year financial results to over 300 exploration and mining companies. Includes lists of over 700 service and supply companies as well as over 4,000 key industry contact personnel. 

In addition to the effects of cooldown and minimizing the heat infux, there are numerous other structural and operating analyses that must be... 

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