Oncorhynchus my kiss

Handy, R. D. and Eddy, F. B. (1990). The interactions between the surface of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus my kiss, and waterborne metal toxicants, Fund. Ecol., 4, 385-392. 

Fig.8. The total lipid content (% on a wet weight basis) of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus my-kiss) eggs during development. The lipid data of unfertilized egg, fertilized egg (9 days after fertilization), and just before eye stage (13 days) are from reference [100], all other data are from reference [99]...

The main advantages of the supervised ANNs are their ability to find complex relationships between variables and their high flexibility. For example, ANN QSARs have been designed to predict the toxicity of chemicals to the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) [92], the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)... 

A summary of the freshwater species that have been shown to be suitable for testing in the USA are presented in Table 5.1. Upon review of the available literature it quickly becomes apparent that the majority of toxicity tests performed in the USA use Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea), Daphnia pulex (water flea), and D. magna (water flea) followed by Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow). The reason for this is that the vast majority of the toxicity tests carried out in the USA are in freshwater. In states (e.g. Washington) where protection of salmon population or other coldwater species is an issue, P. promelas may be replaced by Oncorhynchus my kiss (rainbow trout). Testing carried out on ambient water and sediments to identify toxicants from agricultural run-off often include the green algae species Selenastrum capricornutum (recently renamed, see Table 5.1) (Ank-ley et al., 1990, 1992 SETAC, 1998) as part of the toxicity assessment. 

Ingebrigsten, K., H. Hektoen, T. Andersson, A. Bergman and I. Brandt. Species-specific accumulation of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 2,3,3, 4,4 -pentachlorobiphenyl in fish brain a comparison between cod (Gadus morhau) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss). Pharmacol. Toxicol. 67 344-345, 1990. 

Heining, P. and R.W. Hoffmann. Light- and electron microscopical studies on the prolonged toxicity of trichloroethylene on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss). Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 45 167-176, 1993. 

Yeoh, C., C.B. Schreck, G.W. Feist and M.S. Fitzpatrick. Endogenous steroid metabolism is indicated by fluctuations of endogenous steroid and steroid glucuronide levels in early development of the steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 103 107-114, 1996. 

Dang, Z.C., G. Flik, B. Ducouret, C. Hogstrand, S.E. Wendelaar Bonga and R.A. Lock. Effects of copper on cortisol receptor and metallothionein expression in gills of Oncorhynchus my kiss. Aquat. Toxicol. 51 45-54, 2000. 

H.I. Browman, C.W. Hawyshyn (1992). Thyroxine induces a precocial loss of ultraviolet photosensitivity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus my kiss, Teleostei). Vision Res., 32,2303-2312. 

Sources of sex pheromones have now been described in several species of fish, and whenever urine has been examined, it has been shown to have pheromonal activity (Liley 1982 Liley Stacey 1983 Stacey et al 1986 Stacey et al. 1994 Appelt, Sorensen Kellner 1995 Vermeirssen, Scott Liley 1997). This is notable because both studies which have described temporal characteristics of urinary release in fish have found urine to be released in a pulsatile manner (Fletcher 1990 Curtis Wood 1991). Unfortunately, neither study used fish known to be releasing pheromones. In a study of a freshwater fish, Curtis and Wood (1991) used external catheters and a radio-label to demonstrate that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) held individually in laboratory tanks urinated approximately every 30 min. In a study of a marine fish, the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), Fletcher (1990) demonstrated that isolated plaice held in laboratory tanks urinate once every few days. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a link between pheromones and pulsatile urinary release exists. 

DIETRICH G J, SZPYRKA A, WOJTCZAK M, DOBOSZ S, GORYCZKO K, ZAKOWSKI L and CIERESZKO A (2005) Effects of UV irradiation and hydrogen peroxide on DNA fragmentation, motility and fertilizing ability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 64,1809-1822. 

LABBfi c, LOIR M, KAUSHiK s and MAISSE G (1993) The influence of both rearing temperature and dietary lipid origin on fatty acid composition of spermatozoan polar lipids in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus my kiss). Effect on sperm cryopreservation tolerance, in Kaushik S J and Luquet P (eds). Fish Nutrition in Practise, Les Colloques No. 61. Paris INRA, 49-59. 

Electron micrograph showing typical structure of thrombocytes from the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus my kiss... 

Carotenoids were originally supplemented to salmonids in the form of crustacean waste. More recently, synthetic canthaxanthin and astaxanthin have been fed separately or in combination (Torrissen, 1989). Torrissen et al. (1990) reported that when either of these carotenoids were fed at 35-75 mg/kg diet, this resulted in salmon that contained approximately 6 mg pigment per kg flesh when fed from smolt to marketable size. Approximately 4-5% of canthaxanthin fed is retained in salmon flesh retention in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus my kiss) is slightly higher at 6.5% (Hardy etaL. 1990). In addition, rainbow trout are pigmented faster... 

Skrede, G., Storebakken, T. and Naes, T. (1989) Color evaluation in raw, baked and smoked flesh of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) fed astaxanthin or canthaxanthin. J. Food Sci, 55, 1574-1578. 

EEVOLDEN, s. E. R0ED, K. H. (1993) Cortisol and immune characteristics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) selected for high or low tolerance to stress. Journal of Fish Biology. 43, 919-930. 

ROBERTSON, P. A. W., O DOWD, C., BURRELLS, C., WILLIAMS, P. AUSTIN, B. (2000) Use of Carnobacterium sp. as a probiotic for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss, Walhaum). Aquaculture, 185, 235-243. 

HUBER, I., SPANGGAARD, B., APPEL, K.F., ROSSEN, L., NIELSEN, T., and GRAM, L. (2004) Phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of the intestinal microbial community of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss, Walbaum). Journal of Applied Microbiology 96 117-132. 

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