OIL CONTENT

Oil content (waxes) NFT 60-120 ISO 2908 ASTM D 721 Soluble portion in methylethylketone at -32°C... 

Another type of gravity separator used for small amounts of oily water, the oil interceptor, is widely used both offshore and onshore. These devices work by encouraging oil particles to coalesce on the surface of plates. Once bigger oil droplets are formed they tend to float to the surface of the water faster and can be skimmed off. A corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) is shown below and demonstrates the principle involved. However there are many varieties available. Plate interceptors can typically reduce oil content to 50-150 ppm. 

To reduce oil content to levels which meet disposal standards it is often necessary to employ rather more sophisticated methods. Two such techniques which can reduce oil in water to less than 40 ppm use gas flotation and hydrocyclone processes. 

To ensure disposal water quality is in line with regulatory requirements (usually 40 ppm), the oil content in water is monitored by solvent extraction and infrared spectroscopy. The specification of 40 ppm refers to an oil in water content typically averaged over a one month period. 

If extra treatment capacity is not cost effective another option may be to handle the produced water differently. The water treatment process is defined by the production stream and disposal specifications. If disposal specifications can be relaxed less treatment will be required or, a larger capacity of water could be treated. It is unlikely that environmental regulators will tolerate an increase in oil content, but if much of the... 

Strike wrote the above paragraph relying on the few accounts of sassafras oil content that Strike had at the time. Since then. Strike has come across more substantial data showing that Brazilian sassafras has NO eugenol in it. This agrees with the claims of many bees who have stated that no appreciable recovery of... 

Mechanical Pressing. Historically, the first large commercial production of oils from seeds and nuts was carried out using labor-intensive hydraulic presses. These were gradually replaced by more efficient mechanical and screw presses. Solvent extraction was developed for extraction of seeds having low oil content. For seeds and nuts having higher oil content, a combination of a screw press followed by solvent extraction is a common commercial practice (prepress—solvent extraction). 

The spice from Saigon and Indonesia is sold in the form of quUls somewhat the same as the tme Ceylon cinnamon but rougher in appearance. The Saigon and Indonesian barks have a higher oil content with a different flavor character than the Ceylon type. 

This formulation does not meet the test of 50% oil length the oil content must be reduced. A reduction in oil causes a corresponding reduction in glycerol, consequendy, free glycerol is added to make up the loss. If Mpg = a , and = z and total polyols is to be equimolar to dibasic acids,... 

Compositions of the four oilseeds are given in Table 2. All except soybeans have a high content of seed coat or hull. Because of the high hull content, the cmde fiber content of the other oilseeds is also high. Confectionery varieties of sunflower seed may contain up to 28% cmde fiber on a dry basis (8). Soybeans differ from the other oilseeds in their high protein and low oil content. AH these oilseeds, however, yield high protein meals when dehuUed and defatted. 

Although soybeans contribute about one-half of the world production of oilseeds, they supply less than one-third of the total edible vegetable fats and oils (Table 11) because of their relatively low oil content. Nonetheless, production of soybean oil exceeds the combined production of cottonseed, peanut, and sunflower seed oils. 

Piae oil production ia general has continued to decline. One of the principal factors is the decrease ia the amount of piae oil used ia cleaner and disiafectant products. The piae oil content of those products has dropped from 70—90% to 10—30% (116). 

Paraffin wax is macrocrystalline, britde, and is composed of 40—90 wt % normal alkanes, with the remainder C g—isoalkanes and cycloalkanes. Paraffin wax has Httle affinity for oil content fully refined paraffin has less than 1 wt % cmde scale, 1—2 wt %, and slack [64742-61-6] above 2 wt %. Within these classes, the melting point of the wax determines the actual grade, with a range of about 46—71°C. Typical properties of petroleum waxes are listed in Table 3. 

Oil Content. The production of petroleum waxes involves the removal of oil therefore, the oil content (actually the percentage of oil and low molecular weight fractions) is one indication of the quaUty of the wax. Oil content is deterrnined (ASTM D721) as that percentage of the wax soluble in methyl ethyl ketone at —31.7 C. 

As a generahty, porous metal sleeve bearings tolerate Pp levels up to 1.8 MN/(m-s) (50, 000 psift/min). Pp levels for thmst bearings should not exceed about 20% of the sleeve bearing limit. Variations of oil viscosity, oil content, graphite content, and other material and property details also influence the approximate operating limits given in Table 7. 

The most common chromatogram in the distilled spirits industry is the fusel oil content. This consists of / -propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol. Other common peaks are ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, and methanol. The gc columns may be steel, copper, or glass packed column or capillary columns. Additional analyses include deterrninations of esters, total acids, fixed acids, volatile acids, soHds or extracts (used to determine... 

Eurther, more attention is being given to the oil content of cleaner wastes. This attention is expected to increase substantially in the near future as tighter environmental regulations come into play. 

Oil content does not materially decrease flowability. For example, the addition of oils and fats to animal-feed ingredients improves the quahty of pellets made from these materials, making the pellet surfaces harder and enabling the pellets to resist attrition. 

With the addition of appropriate additives as needed, the flotation of refineiy wastewaters reduced their oil content to less than 10 mg/L in pilot-plant operation [Steiner, Bennett, Mohler, and Clere, Chem. Eng. Frog., 74(12), 39 (1978)] and full-scale operation (Simouseu, Hydrocaih. Froce.ss. Fet. Refiner, 41(5), 145, 1962]. Experiments with a cationic collector to remove oils reportedly confirmed theoiy [Angehdon, Keskavarz, Richardson, and Jameson, Jnd. Eng. Chem. Frocess Des. Dev., 16, 436 (1977)]. 

Minimum Oil or Low Oil Content Circuit Breakers (MOCBs or LOCBs)... 

Figure 19.7 Minimum oil content circuit breaker (MOCB) (Courtesy NGEF Ltd.)...

Oil content Disposal Incineration Fire and explosion hazard Extraction with solvent... 

---