Failure reliability

The Component Event Data Banit contains raw data on component failure, reliability, and operating modes, from EEC countries, Spain, and Sweden. 

For simplicity, all oil test parameters are defined by the same attributes and each attribute s status is established by appropriate statistically based limits. It is important to remember that parameter level is a scalar of how much damage has occurred, such as contaminant concentration. Parameter trend is a scalar of how fast the damage is occurring and thus a measure of the remaining time to failure. Reliable interpretation of the machine/fluid condition requires an analysis of both parameter level and trend amongst other relevant data, such as statistical rank, that are an indication of individual machine dynamic equilibrium with respect to the fleet mean readings. 

A second use of feedback is to detect faults and failures in the controlled system, including the physical process and any computer controllers and displays. If the operator is expected to monitor a computer or automated decision making, then the computer must make decisions in a manner and at a rate that operators can follow. Otherwise they will not be able to detect faults and failures reliably in the system being supervised. In addition, the loss of confidence in the automation may lead the supervisor to disconnect it, perhaps under conditions where that could be hazardous, such as during critical points in the automatic landing of an airplane. When human supervisors can observe on the displays that proper corrections are being made by the automated system, they are less likely to intervene inappropriately, even in the presence of disturbances that cause large control actions. 

Hokstad, P. (1988). A shock model for common-cause failures. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 127-145. 

Zero failure Reliability and availability In order to guarantee... 

Sachs NW. Understanding the multiple roots of machinery failures. Reliability Magazine 2002 8 18-21. 

Shuang, Q., Zhang, M., Yuan, Y, 2014. Node vulnerability of water distribution networks under cascading failures, Reliability Engineering System Safety, Volume 124, Pages 132-141, ISSN 0951-8320. 

Whiteside, M B., et al. 2012. Stochastic failure modelling of unidirectional composite ply failure. Reliability Engineering and System Strfety 108(0) 1-9. 

Papadopoulos, Y., McDermid, J.A., Sasse, R., Heiner, G. Analysis and synthesis of the behaviour of complex programmable electronic systems in conditions of failure. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 71, 229-247 (2001)... 

Hughes, R.P. A New Approach to Common Cause Failure. Reliability Engineering 17(3), 211-236(1987)... 

The case when there is an intermittent requirement to operate is different. Demands will be correlated with particular areas within the operating space. It may be that errors coexist in these areas. Here, trajectories might encounter demands where there are no errors (no failure), errors where there are no demands (no failure) or error and demand (failure). Reliability is related to the preponderance of errors and their correlation with demands. This measure of reliability has no inherent connection with the speed with which the trajectory is traversed. 

First-order reliability method Monte Carlo sampling Probability of failure Reliability analysis Uncertainty... 

The AEBIL acoustic emission monitoring system installed on site has shown a good level of functional reliability no instrumentation failure is to be recorded in over 1 year of continuous in-plant operation. 

Cooling water service failure 3. Same 3. Check and monitor reliability of water DAC 2/93... 

Fig. 10. Reliability and failure probability computations for components ia (a) series linkages where the failure of either component adds to the total system failure, and (b) parallel linkages where failure of the system requires the failure of both components. There is no convenient way to combine the failure rate...

A reliability block diagram can be developed for the system from the definition of adequate performance. The block diagram represents the effect of subsystem or component failure on system performance. In this preliminary analysis, each subsystem is assumed to be either a success or failure. A rehabihty value is assigned to each subsystem where the appHcation and a specified time period are given. The reUabiUty values for each subsystem and the functional block diagram are the basis for the analysis. 

Reliability. There has been a significant rise in interest among pump users in the 1990s to improve equipment reflabiUty and increase mean time between failures. Quantifiable solutions to such problems are being sought (61). Statistical databases (qv) have grown, improved by continuous contributions of both pump manufacturers and users. Users have also learned to compile and interpret these data. Moreover, sophisticated instmmentation has become available. Examples are vibration analysis and pump diagnostics. 

High reliability. Many things can go wrong with a steam tracing system but, very few of the potential problems lead to a heat tracing failure. Steam traps fail, but they usually fail in the open position. 

Poor reputation. In the past, electric tracing has been less than reliable. Due to past failures, some operating personnel are unwilling to take a chance on any electric tracing. 

Reliable thermodynamic data are essential for the accurate design or analysis of distillation columns. Failure of equipment to perform at specified levels is often attributable, at least in part, to the lack of such data. 

Low-loss system. In a low-loss system the winding also resides in a reservoir of liquid helium but a very efficient insulation system enables the magnet to operate for long periods, typically I year or more, between liquid helium refills. An important feature of these systems is that they are relatively immune to short-term electrical power failures, which has enabled complete reliability even in extremely difficult environments. 

Human error probabilities can also be estimated using methodologies and techniques originally developed in the nuclear industry. A number of different models are available (Swain, Comparative Evaluation of Methods for Human Reliability Analysis, GRS Project RS 688, 1988). This estimation process should be done with great care, as many factors can affect the reliability of the estimates. Methodologies using expert opinion to obtain failure rate and probability estimates have also been used where there is sparse or inappropriate data. 

Serious stress-corrosion-cracldng failures have occurred when chloride-containing hydrotest water was not promptly removed from stainless-steel systems. Use of potable-quality water and complete draining after test comprise the most reliable solution to this problem. Use of chloride-free water is also helpful, especially when prompt drainage is not feasible. 

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