Maritime transport

Nuclear Merchant Ships, Maritime Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1974. 

Oil Gas Processing Refining Maritime Transportation Refined Products Distribution Chemicals Petrochemicals Manufacturing... 

For maritime transport in accordance with IMDG code [3.152] such lead chromate pigments and lead chromate-containing preparations have to be labeled additionally as marine pollutant. 

For maritime transport, in accordance with the IMDG code [5.121], such anticorrosive pigments have to be labeled additionally as marine pollutants. 

Environmental and coast protection (Druet et al., 1976a), utilization of its energy potential (Svensson, 1981), safety of maritime transport (Quandt, 1980) and tourism and recreational activities (construction of marinas on the coast, search and rescue), and also the military confrontation in the B altic Sea led to an increased interest in sea state characteristics. The offshore industry (exploration and production of natural gas and petroleum), the construction and operation of wind parks, as well as maritime and harbor management (Gayer et al., 1995) are further areas that require both climatological and updated information about a variety of sea state parameters. 

FIGURE 8.2 Main flow of maritime transport in the Baltic Sea. (See color plate)... 

In the 1920s and 1930s, new, more effective icebreakers were put into service, but the volume of maritime transport during the winter months stayed rather low. 

The growth of maritime transport in 1956-2005 was large (Finnish Maritime Administration 1956-2005). Taking Finland as an example its annual maritime transport of goods in... 

According to Eurostat (Guiliano, 2005), the maritime transport of goods in the Baltic Sea EU countries in 2002 was 642 million tons, and in 2003 it was 724 million tons. The Baltic Maritime Outlook (2006) stated that the total cargo turnover in the Baltic Sea was about 731 million tons in 2003, and it is expected to grow to 1.2 billion tons by 2006. 

Guihano, Amerini, 2005, Maritime transport of goods and passengers 1997-2003-Statistics in focus-transport 9/2005 - Eurostat. 

Maritime goods transport 1990-2003-Statistics in focus Transport-Theme 7, 5/2001-Eurostat. Maritime transport in candidate countries 1995 2fX)() Statistics in foctis-Transport-Theme 7, 7/... 

And the Aral lived its natural life, practically undisturbed by man s interference, until 1960. Because of the quasistationary regime in the Aral area a specific sea-oriented economic stmcture (fishing, muskrat farming, maritime transport) was established. The sea produced an alleviating effect on the climate of the nearby territories. Its mere existence was favorable for the environmental and socioeconomic situation in the region. One could hardly imagine so speedy development of dramatic events related to the Aral s fate. 

Closure of tank and measurements of pressure increase rates simulating conditions of a maritime transport... 

Japan has made a comparison of the transmission efficiencies ( ratio of output energy to input energy) for various hydrogenation - dehydrogenation systems. Based on the assumptions of 4000 MW hydro power, electrolysis with a 90 % efficiency, and a maritime transportation distance of 5000 km, transmission efficiencies have been derived as listed in Table 6-4. The table, however, does not reflect production cost or environmental aspects [70]. 

Starting from a large-scale liquid fuel (LNG, LPG) maritime transportation and application in the 1970s, interest increased in the assessment of the consequences of spill accidents. 

The safety of LH2 storage tanks has been investigated in extensive experiments. Passenger car tanks have been exposed to deformation and perforation, as well as fire and burst testing to check the performance in conceivable traffic accidents. Tests with a 61 m container representative of maritime transportation were conducted, the first with an LH2 tank of that size, to investigate the thermodynamic behavior of the LH2 in the tank. 

The Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (MTSA) required the establishment of security regulations to increase the security of the nation s ports. These regulations are published under 33 CFR 101 (Maritime Security General), 33 CFR 103 (Maritime, Security Area Maritime Security), 33 CFR 104 (Maritime Security Vessels), 33 CFR 105 (Maritime Security Facilities), and 33 CFR 106 (Maritime Security Outer Continental Shelf Facilities), and are enforced by the U.S. Coast Guard. The purpose of these regulations is to ... 

International emissions trading schemes that cover some or all international aviation emissions and some or all international shipping emissions, possibly administered hy ICAO and IMO, respectively, are feasihled A workshop on emissions from international aviation and maritime transport in Oslo in October 2007 concluded that no technical obstacles related to monitoring and reporting of emissions remain that cannot be solved, so the absence of global policies is due to a lack of political will rather than technical difficulties. ... 

Bode, S., Isensee, J., Krause, K., Michaelowa, A., 2002, Climate policy analysis of ecological technical and economic implications for international maritime transport, International Journal of Maritime Economics 4,164—184. 

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