O-nitrophenyl

Phosphorothioic acid, o, o-dlethyl-o- 4-nitrophenyl) ester) Pentachlorophenol (PCP)... 

A potentiation of neuropathy has been observed in studies involving administration of -hexane or methyl -butyl ketone with O-ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) (Abou-Donia 1983 Abou-Doniaetal. 1985). Administration of each compound individually resulted in peripheral neuropathy. The peripheral neuropathy observed when /7-hexane or methyl n-butyl ketone was administered simultaneously with EPN was more severe and had an earlier onset (Abou-Donia et al. 1985). The potential interactive effect of multiple exposures to different organophosphorus pesticides on delayed neuropathy has not been characterized (Chemiack 1988). 

Abou-Donia MB, Lapadula DM, Campbell G, et al. 1985. The joint neurotoxic action of inhaled methyl butyl ketone vapor and dermally applied O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate in hens Potentiating effect. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 79 69-82. 

Diethylmethane. see Pentane Diethylmethylmethane. see 3-Methylpentane Diethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate. see Parathion 0,0-Diethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate. see Parathion... 

Ethyl p-nitrophenyl benzenethionophosphate, see EPN Ethyl p-nitrophenyl benzenethiophosphonate, see EPN Ethyl p-nitrophenyl ester, see EPN Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate, see EPN O-Ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate, see EPN O-Ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate, see EPN Ethyl p-nitrophenyl thionobenzenephosphate, see EPN Ethyl p-nitrophenyl thionobenzenephosphonate, see EPN Ethylolamine, see Ethanolamine Ethyl oxide, see Ethyl ether Ethyl parathion, see Parathion Ethylpentamethylene, see Ethylcyclopentane 2-Ethylpentane, see 3-Methylhextane O-Ethyl phenyl / nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate, see EPN... 

Hexanone has also been shown to potentiate the neurotoxic effects of some compounds. In hens, dermal or inhalation exposure to 2-hexanone in combination with dermal application of the pesticide O-ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) has resulted in earlier onset and far more severe clinical and histological manifestations of neurotoxic effects than with either chemical exposure alone (Abou-Donia et al. 1985a, 1985b). The authors speculated that this potentiation effect may have been due to induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 by EPN, leading to increased metabolism of 2-hexanone to its neurotoxic metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione. An alternate explanation is that local trauma to the nervous tissue produced by 2-hexanone and EPN might increase vascular permeability and thus increase the entry of these compounds and their metabolites from circulation. 

The rat LD50s are 13, 3.6 (oral) and 21, 6.8 (dermal) mg/kg. Parathion is resistant to aqueous hydrolysis, but is hydrolyzed by alkali to form the noninsecticidal diethylphosphorothioic acid and nitrophenol. The time required for 50% hydrolysis is 120 d in a saturated aqueous solution, or 8 h in a solution of lime water. At temperatures above 130°C, parathion slowly isomerizes to O,.7-diethyl O- (4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate [597-88-6] which is much less stable and less effective as an insecticide. Parathion is readily reduced, eg, by Bacillus subtihs in polluted water and in the mammalian rumen to nontoxic 0,0-diethyl 0-(4-aminophenyl) phosphorothioate, and is oxidized with difficulty to the highly toxic paraoxon [511 -45-5], diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (d 1.268, soluble in water to 2.4 mg/L), rat oral LD5Q 1.2 mg/kg. 

Sodium phosphate monobasic [S 9638], sodium phosphate dibasic [S 0876], sodium chloride [S 7653], acetylcholinesterase from Elect-rophorus electricus (Type V-S) [C 2888], potassium chloride [P 3911], 1,2-diaminobenzenedihydrochloride [P 1526], paraoxon (o,o-diethyl o-4-nitrophenyl phosphate) [D 9286], ferrocene carboxylic acid [106887], aniline [A 9880] and acetylthiocholine chloride [A 5751] were purchased from the Sigma Chemical Company (Dorset, UK). Screen-printed transducers were purchased from Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd. (Gwent, Wales, UK). These electrode assemblies comprised a working electrode based on carbon ink doped with cobalt phthalocya-nine, an on board reference electrode (Ag/AgCl) and counter electrode (platinum) (see Fig. 24.1). 

The reactions of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate and O-4-nitrophenyl X-thionobenzoates (25) with a series of pyridines in 20 mol% DMSO were studied at 25 °C (Scheme 8). O-4-Nitrophenyl thionobenzoate (25 X = H) was more reactive than its oxygen... 

IUPAC name O, O-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate Molecular formula C10H14NO5PS Toxicity class USEPA I WHO la... 

Parathion-methyl 3,080 s, 2958 s, 2,849 m, 1,590s, 1,350s, 658m O.O-Dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate... 

When exposed to mixtures, chemicals in the exposure medium may affect each other s uptake by humans in a manner that is analogous to some of the bioavailability effects outlined here for environmental species. This was, for instance, shown for the neurotoxicity of EPN (O-ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphono-thionate), which was enhanced by aliphatic hydrocarbons due in part to increased dermal absorption (Abou-Donia et al. 1985). It was also shown that dietary zinc inhibits some aspects of lead toxicity, which could in part be explained by decreasing dietary lead absorption (Cerklewski and Forbes 1976). Other examples of interactions of chemicals at the uptake phase in humans, which may in part be related to bioavailability interactions, are summarized in Table 1.3. 

Abou-Donia MB, Makkawy HM, Campbell GM. 1985. Pattern of neurotoxicity of n-hexane, methyl-n-butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanediol, and 2,5-hexanedione alone and in combination with o-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothionate in hens. J Toxicol Environ Health 16 85-100. 

Neurotoxicity of o-ethyl-o-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate enhanced by aliphatic hydrocarbons due in part to increased dermal absorption Increased neurotoxicity from increased lead levels in brain after treatment with disulfiram, due to formation of complex that readily distributes lead to brain... 

O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothionate (EPN) is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Combined exposure to both EPN and MBK resulted in a neurotoxic effect in hens that was twice than expected from an additive effect of the two chemicals, l102 and treatment of hens with a combination of EPN, MIBK, and 72-hexane produced acute cholinergic and delayed neurotoxic symptomsJ103l... 

DIETHYL O-4-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHOROTHIOATE (lUPAC), PHOSPHOROTHIOIC ACID, O,O-+DIETHYL 0-(4-NrTROPHENYL) PHOSPHOROTHIOATE (cas)... 

PHENOL P-NITRO- 0-ESTER WITH 0-DIETHYL PHOSPHOROTHIOATHE PHENOL, P-NITRO-, 0-ESTER WITH O.O-DIETHYL PHOSPHOROTHIOATHE PHOSPHOROTHIOIC ACID 0,0-DIETHYL O-(4-NITROPHENYL)ESTER PHOSPHOROTHIOIC ACID 0,0-DIETHYL O-(P-NITROPHENYL)ESTER P-NITRO-O-ESTER DE FENOL, CON FOSFOTIOATO DE O O-DIETILO PHOSPHOROTHIOIC ACID, 0,0-DIETHYL 0-(4-NITR0PHENYL) ESTER PARATHION LIQUID (USA)... 

Ethyl parathion (0,0-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) contains a nitrophenyl group and thus presents an absorption peak around 280 nm (Fig. 52). 

Lasker, J., Graham, D and Abou-Donia, M. (1982). Differential metabolism of 0-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphospho-nothioate by rat and chicken hepatic micro,somes, Biochem. Pharmacol. 31,1961-1967. 

R. A. Shagidullina, E. P. Zhil tsova, L. A. Kudryavtseva, Aminolysis of O-alkyl-O-4-nitrophenyl chloromethylphosphonates in reverse micellar solutions of the nonionic surfactant, Russ. Chem. Bull., 1998, 47, 1686-1690. 

Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl monothiophosphate 0,0-Diethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate 0,0-Diethyl-0-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate Diethyl-p-nitrophenylthionophosphate 0,0-Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate. See Parathion... 

R-PO3 ) (O) 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (NPhp ), phenyl phosphate (php ), uridine S -monophosphate (UMp ), D-ribose 5-monophosphate (RibMp ), thymidine [-l-(2-deoxy-13-D-ribofuranosyl)thymine] 5 -monophosphate (dTMP ), n-butyl phosphate (Bup ), methanephosphonate (MeP ) and ethanephosphonate (EtP ) (from left to right). The least-squares lines (eq. (11)) are drawn through the corresponding 8 data sets (O) taken from ref [38] for the phosphate monoesters and from ref [5] for the phosphonates. The points due to the equilibrium constants for the M VPA systems are based on the values listed In Tables (column 4) and 2 (columns 4 or S). The vertical broken lines emphasize the stability differences from the reference lines they equal log as defined In eq. (12) for the M(PA) complexes. All the plotted equilibrium constants refer to... 

Azomethine group (>C=N-) containing compounds cyolane, cytrolane, chlordimerform, drazoxolon s-Triazines atrazine Chlorinated compounds 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid), propachlor (2-chloro-A/-2-propylacetanilide), pentachlorophenol, picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), hexachlorocyclohexane Nitro-group-containing compounds metaphos (o,o-dimethyl-o-(4-nitrophenyl) thiophosphate, parathion, paraoxon... 

Synonyms ENT 17798 EPN 300 Ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy phenylphosphine sulfide Ethyl j9-nitrophenyl benzenethionophosphate Ethyl / -nitrophenyl benzenethiophosphonate Ethyl j9-nitrophenyl ester 0-Ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate 0-Ethyl 0-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate Ethylj9-nitrophenyl thionobenzenephosphate Ethyl/ -nitrophenyl thionobenzenephospho-nate 0-Ethyl phenyl />-nitro-phenyl phenylphosphorothioate 0-Ethyl phenyl />-nitrophe-nyl thiophosphonate Phenylphosphonothioic acid 0-ethyl 0-/>-nitrophenyl ester Phosphonothioic acid 0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) ester Pin Santox. 

M.B. About-Donia, Z.H. Hu, D.M. Lapadula, R.P. Gupta, Mechanisms of joint neurotoxicity of n-hexane, methyl isobutyl ketone and O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothionate in hens, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 257 (1) (1991) 282-289. 

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