Nuclear power plant parks

Underground Siting of Nuclear Power Plant Parks.884... 

E.H. Shortlife, Computer-based Medical Consultation MYCIN. Elsevier, New York, 1976. H. Y. Chung, I.S. Park, S.K. Hur, S.W. Cheon, H.G. Kim, S.H. Chang, Diagnostic strategies for primary-side systems in nuclear power plants. Elect. Power Energy Syst., 14 (4) (1994) 284-297. 

LaBar, M.P. 2002. The Gas-Turbine Modular Helium Reactor A Promising Option for Near-Term Deployment. In Proceedings of International Congress on Advanced Nuclear Power Plants, June, Hollywood, Fla. La Grange Park, 111. American Nuclear Society. 

According to the major incident/accident reports of nuclear power plants in Korea, the contribution of human errors takes up about 22% of the total events (KINS). The previous study presents that most of the human-related unplanned reactor trip events during the normal power operation are associated with the test and maintenance activities (63%), which are comprised of the plant maintenance activities such as a periodic preventive maintenance , a plannedmaintenance and a corrective maintenance (Kim Park 2008). This means that the test and maintenance activities should be a major subject that needs to be focused on. The hiunan errors intervened during a periodic preventive maintenance and a corrective maintenance mostly lead directly to a trip event, while the hmnan errors during a planned maintenance , which are performed during the period of a plant overhaul, are mostly dormant imtil a triggering event occurs. 

N.N. Alekseenko, A.D. Amaev, I. Gorynin, V.A. Nikolaev, Radiation Damage in Nuclear Power Plants Pressure Vessel Steels, ANS Russian Materials Monograph Series, American Nuclear Society, Grange Park, IL, 1997. 

American National Standard for Selection, Qualification, and Training of Personnel for Nuclear Power Plants," ANSI/ANS 3.1-1981 American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL. 

Kim, X, Park, X, Xung, W., Kim, XT. 2009. Characteristics of test and maintenance human errors leading to unplanned reactor trips in nuclear power plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 239 2530-2536. 

J. Jacobs and G. P. Wozadlo, Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking as a Factor in Nuclear Power Plant Aging, Paper presented at the July 8-10, 1985 International Conference on Nuclear Power Plant Aging, Availability Factor and Reliability Analysis, and published in conference proceedings, p. 173, dated August 1985, American Society for Metals, Metals Park OH 44073. 

System analysis of the PEACER energy park System analysis using Dynamic Simulator for Nuclear Power Plants (DSNP) completed... 

Kim, S., Park, J., Han, S., Kim, H., 2010. Eievelopment of extended speech act coding scheme to observe communication characteristics of human operators of nuclear power plants under abnormal conditions. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol 23, pp. 539-548. 

The conceptual design of the advanced reactor plant BN-1600 was completed in 1992, in full compliance with the up-to-date requirements for safety and economic efficiency of the new generation NPPs. It is expected that this design can be realized in Russian Federation not earlier than 2020, taking into account the fact that in the near future the fast reactor development programme in this country will be primarily focused on construction of the pilot BN-800 reactors, and creation of the closed nuclear fuel cycle production plants. This phase is of exceptional importance for the subsequent development of fast reactors and should precede their wide incorporation into the nuclear power park. 

Both nuclear power stations and fire power plant need huge amount of cooling water. Therefore, most of the power plants were built in the shore for an easy access to the sea water. In some countries, for a better management of industrial pollution and more convenient import and export of raw materials and products, industrial parks were established in the neighborhood of coastal area. 

In the 20th century, every country is desperate for a rapid economic development. As a consequence, more and more high-tech products were produced while fewer and fewer resources were left. Energy and water resources become needed even food has turned out to be scarce. When the resources on the lands have been utihzed to their limits, people turn to look for development in the coastal area. Expansion of aquaculture industries, construction of harbors, nuclear and steam power plants, development of industrial park, recreational activities, and the technology of ocean outfalls are examples of the utilization of the coastal area. However, no matter what kinds of human activities will inevitably cause impacts to nature. Sometimes, the damage is forever and can never be retreated. 

Size of site to accommodate operation (D9 - discretionary). This criterion requires a demonstration that there will be sufficient area within the boimdaries of the nominated sites to allow secure operation of at least one new build nuclear power station. Atypical layout for the generic APIOOO plant is discussed elsewhere in Chapter 2 of this PCSR. With the exception of the parking area, the entire facility is contained within a perimeter fence that encloses approximately 10 hectares (ha). The site boimdaries for the SSA nominated sites enclose areas of between 75 ha and 298 ha (Reference 3.7). Allowing for ancillary facilities, the typical area estimated for the S SA nominated sites required for operational purposes is 3 0 to 50 ha. Hence, all of the nominated sites are sufficient area for at least one new build nuclear power station. The finalised layout will need to ensure that the constructed AP 1000 plant can be operated in a safe and secure marmer, with access to site (and nuclear materials) strictly controlled. The finalised layout will need to accommodate both generic and site specific requirements and meet with the approval of the regulators. 

Thermal pollution is heated water discharged into lakes and rivers. By raising the ambient water temperature, aquatic plant and wildlife are often threatened. The industry that dumps the greatest amount of heat into lakes and rivers is thermoelectric power, which consists of coal, oil, and natural gas-combusting plants, and nuclear reactors. Because of the laws of thermodynamics, this waste heat cannot be eliminated, but it can be kept from waterways by means of cooling towers or cooling ponds or used in cogeneration industrial parks. 

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