Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates

Boeije GM, Schowanek DR, Vanrilleghem A (2000) Incorporation of biofilm activity in river biodegradation modeling a case study for linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS). Wat Res 34 1479... 

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (LAS) and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APE) in Waters, Wastewaters and Sludges by High... 

Brunner PH, Capri S, Marcomini A, Giger W (1988) Occurrence and behaviour of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, nonylphenol, nonylphenol mono- and nonylphenol diethoxylates in sewage and sewage sludge treatment. Water Res 22 1465-1472... 

Navas JM, Gonzalez-Mazo E, Wenzel A, Gomez-Parra A, Segner H (1999) Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates and intermediate products from their degradation are not estrogenic. Mar Pollut Bull 38 880-884... 

HMSO (1993) Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates and alkylphenolethoxylates in waters, waste waters and sludges by high-performance liquid chromatography, HMSO, London. 

Surfactants elimination via bile is faster in fed than in unfed fish [12,40], due to the higher secretion of bile into the digestive tract when fed. The fastest and slowest surfactants excreted were the linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (C12) and the alkyl sulphates (especially the C12-15) [12], respectively. Depuration of NP is quite rapid, 1.8-20 days in fathead minnows [32] and 4 days in the Atlantic salmon [41]. Within the same organism, differences in tissues were observed, with values of 20 h for adipose tissue and 18.5 h for muscle of rainbow trout [24]. The elimination rate of non-ionic surfactants is directly proportional to the ethoxylate unit number and inversely proportional to the alkyl chain length [33]. Average elimination rates (k2) of NPE02.8 and NP in clams were 1.8 and 1.4 per day, respectively [21], and decreasing k2 values from 0.19 to 0.001 per day were obtained from butylphenol to dodecylphenol in salmon [42]. 

J. Solbe, Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) risk assessment for sludge-amended soils, SPT Workshop, Copenhagen, April 19-20 1999. 

Low cost Choose from the following most widely used ones soaps, linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LABS), alcohol ethoxysulphates (AES), alcohol sulphates (AS), alkane or paraffin sulphonate (SAS), and alcohol ethoxylates (AE)... 

Marchesi J.R., W.A. House, G.F. White, N.J. Russell, and I.S. Earr (1991). A comparative study of the adsorption of linear alkyl sulphates and alkylbenzene sulphonates on river sediments. Colloids and Surfaces 53 63-78. 

Cavalli, L., G. Cassani, M. Lazzarin, C. Maraschin, G. Nucd, and L. Valturta. 1996. Iso-branching of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS). Tenside Surf. Det. 33, 393-398. 

Verge, C., Moreno, A., Bravo, J. and Bema, J.L. (2001) Influence of water hardness on the bioavailability and toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), Chemosphere 44 (8), 1749-1757. 

Taylor and Nickless [1] have described a paired-ion high performance liquid chromatographic technique for the separation of mixtures of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates and p-sulphophenylcarboxylate salts,... 

Fig. 7.1 shows the trace obtained from the analysis of undegraded linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) mixture (sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate). Peak identifications were made by co-injection with pure undegraded linear alkylbenzene sulphonate compounds and confirmed by analysis of the undegraded linear alkylbenzene sulphonate mixture by desulphonation followed by gas chromatography of the resultant alkylbenzenes on a 15m OV-1 support coated open-tubular column. 

Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (C9-C15 homologues) LAS as 1 methylheptyl amine extracted into hexane Micro sulphonation-GLC technique lOpgL-1 [347]... 

Linear alkylbenzene, sulphonates, dialky ltetraline sulphonates, and biodegradation intermediates Electron capture Derivativisation then electron capture GC-MS [194]... 

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been widely used for many years in industrial laboratories but its use in environmental laboratories has usually been restricted to analyses such as the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates. Traditionally gas chromatography (GC) has been the first choice technique and HPLC only used when GC has proved unsuitable, due to thermal lability or other reasons. This reliance on GC is despite the fact it has been reported that 80-90% of the total organic carbon content in waters is non-volatile and not amenable to GC. Probably the reason for the lack of use of HPLC lies in the poor sensitivity of its most common detector (UV spectrophotometric) compared with GC detectors and the often demanding limits of detection required for environmental analysis, where sub-pg 1 limits of detection are the norm. 

Chloride 400mgr Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates lOMgl"... 

Overpressure also has favourable effects in terms of the time needed to fill the extraction cell with solvent, especially for samples with small particle sizes [21]. However, the increased pressure can induce changes in the matrix surface resulting in a reduced extraction efficiency of analytes in some types of matrices [22-24]. Such is the case with the extraction of 4-nonylphenol from kaolin, which was quantitative at 100 atm at 100°C after 10 min of dynamie extraction, but required 30 min at the same temperature and 150 atm [25]. A similar effect was observed in the extraction of linear alkylbenzene-sulphonates from kaolin as can be seen from Fig. 6.2, the time needed for quantitative... 

Roberts DW. Application of QSAR to biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) isomers and homologues. Sci Total Environ 1991 Dec 109-10 301-6. 

McEVOY, J. and GIGER, W. (1985) Accumulation of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate surfactants in sewage sludges. Naturwissenschaften 72, S.429. 

Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) has been the major anionic siufactant material nsed in detergent formulations for nearly 25 years with a current world wide consnmption of approximately 1.4 million tons per year. The cotmnercial prodnct in Western Enrope is generally a rruxtnre of various alkyl homologues (CiQ-Cis) and phenyl positional isomers with an average chain length of approximately 12. 

Kawashima K. and Takeno T. (1982) Fate of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate in soils and plants. Yukagaku 31, 944-948. 

KikuchiM. TokaiA. and Yoshida T. (1986) Determination of trace levels of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates in the marine environment by high performance hquid chromatography. Wat. Res. 20,643-650. 

Ward T.E. (1988) Biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) in sludge amended agricultural soils. To be submitted to Ecotox. and Environmental Safety. 

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