Non-fogging

Sealants for insulated glass windows are based on butyl polymers. These sealants have excellent weathering and ageing, low-moisture vapour transmission and are non-fogging [66]. 

All polyester polyols have in their composition a very small quantity of low MW cyclic polyesters. Non-fogging polyesters for the automotive industry were obtained by thin film distillation in high vacuum of finished polyesters. In this way the low MW, volatile species and cyclic oligomers were eliminated [1]. 

Volatility and non-fogging are other properties that have to be developed by a proper method of production or composition. A plasticizer having a low volatility is obtained by passing a mixture of reacted products through a thin film evaporator at temperature in the range of 200-250 under pressme lower than 5 kPa and evaporation of 5 to 30% of the composition. In automotive applications, where fogging is the major concern, plasticizers based on organic diphosphates are used (n=l) ... 

Use of this plasticizer, which is commercially available (Fyrolflex RDP) permits to obtain, non-fogging, flame retarded polyurethane foam. Incorporation of halide (preferably chlorine) in trialkyl plasticizer results in an ignition resistant, UV stable plasticizer. Effect of a plasticizer on heat stability of PVC, flexibility of plasticized material at room and low temperatures is usually balanced by the selection of a required proportion between aryl and alkyl components. Low temperature properties can be improved by alkylphettylation with special attention to isopropyl substituents. Also haze can be eliminated in PVC composition by use of alkylated derivatives (e.g., methylphosphonate). Matty efforts were made by international groups of specialists to analyze reasons for increased toxicity of some phosphates such as tricresyl and triphenyl phosphates. Their extensive findings are reported elsewhere. ... 

Outstanding property improvement of electric conductivity, improvement of fatigue resistance,reduction of melt flow with no effect on impact strength, non-fogging ... 

Sulfonamide plasticizers were successfully applied in the production of non-fogging automotive adhesives based on polyurethane and ethylene viiwl acetate copolymer. " ... 

Aromatic sulforramide plasticizer is designed to produce non-fogging parts for automotive industry from ABS, its blends, and other polymers. 

Beavers EM, Lowry KM, inventors Beacon Research, Inc., assignee. Non-fogging transparent coatings. United States of America Patent No. 5148311 1992. 

FOG Fats, Oils and Greases. A measure of the non-petroleum based fats in waste treatment. 

Soluble corrosion products may increase corrosion rates in two ways. Firstly, they may increase the conductivity of the electrolyte solution and thereby decrease internal resistance of the corrosion cells. Secondly, they may act hygroscopically to form solutions at humidities at and above that in equilibrium with the saturated solution (Table 2.7). The fogging of nickel in SO2-containing atmospheres, due to the formation of hygroscopic nickel sulphate, exemplifies this type of behaviour. However, whether the corrosion products are soluble or insoluble, protective or non-protective, the... 

Acid deposition has been known to exist since early in the industrial age. The principle pollutants responsible for the elevated levels of acidity are the oxidized forms of sulphur and nitrogen that have been emitted as by-products from non-ferrous smelters, fossil-fueled power generating stations, and motor vehicles. The pollutants are transported substantial distances from the source areas by the atmosphere. They are deposited on receptor regions remote from the sources as acidic rain, snow, and fog or as gasses and dry particulates. 

Fog formation. In the condensation of a vapour from a non-condensable gas, if the bulk temperature of the gas falls below the dew point of the vapour, liquid can condense out directly as a mist or fog. This condition is undesirable, as liquid droplets may be carried out of the condenser. Fog formation in cooler-condensers is discussed by Colburn and Edison (1941) and Lo Pinto (1982). Steinmeyer (1972) gives criteria for the prediction of fog formation. Demisting pads can be used to separate entrained liquid droplets. 

MASK SURG ANTI-FOG NON-GLASS PLEATED LINT-FREE GREEN DISP 300S 6515011635988 PG 46.51 ... 

When aluminized AP composite propellant burns, a high mole fraction of aluminum oxide is produced as a combustion product, which generates visible smoke. If smoke has to be avoided, e. g. for miUtary purposes or a fireworks display, aluminum particles cannot be added as a component of an AP composite propellant In addition, a large amount of white smoke is produced even when non-aluminized AP composite propellants bum. This is because the combustion product HCl acts as a nucleus for moisture in the atmosphere and relatively large-sized water drops are formed as a fog or mist This physical process only occurs when the relative humidity in the atmosphere is above about 60%. If, however, the atmospheric temperature is below 260 K, white smoke is again formed because of the condensation of water vapor with HCl produced as combustion products. If the HCl smoke generated by AP combustion cannot be tolerated, the propellant should be replaced with a double-base propellant or the AP particles should be replaced with another... 

Anastasio, C., B. C. Faust, and C. J. Rao, Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds as Aqueous-Phase Photochemical Sources of Hydrogen Peroxide in Acidic Sulfate Aerosols, Fogs, and Clouds. 1. Non-Phenolic Methoxybenzaldehydes and Methoxyacetophe-nones with Reductants (Phenols), Environ. Sci. Techno ., 31, 218-232 (1997). 

The large S02 mass accommodation coefficient (7 - 0.11) indicates that interfacial mass transport will not limit the rate of S02 uptake into clean aqueous cloud and fog droplets. Either gas phase diffusion, Henry s law solubility, or aqueous reactivity will control the overall rate of aqueous S(IV) chemistry. This conclusion is demonstrated by modeling studies of S02 oxidation in clouds by Chamedies (3) showing that the conversion time of S(FV) to S(IV) is independent of the mass accommodation coefficient for 1 7 > 10 2 Schwartz (1 ) has also shown that, with 7 as large as our measured value, the interfacial mass transport is unlikely to inhibit the oxidation of SC by or Ho02 in cloud droplets for gas concentrations typical of non-urban industrialized regions. 

The Declining Market for Linear Phthalates in Automotive Upholstery. The major market for linear phthalates has historically been automotive upholstery. However, the U.S. built share of the automotive market has continued to decline, and the trend (now a landslide) to smaller cars has resulted in a sharp decrease in demand for domestic vinyl upholstery. Besides this, fashion trends have turned to increased use of non-vinyl upholstery. Finally, the use of softer vinyls with higher plasticizer levels means increased opportunities in the automotive upholstery market for diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). DIDP meets the low temperature requirements of these new softer vinyls, and at the same time offers reduced windshield fogging and lower cost on a... 

Fig. 15.2. Top Experimental setup. Bottom Optical pillars generated beyond the focus by the propagation of slightly focused (/ 40 m) fs-TW laser pulses carrying 760 critical powers. The discontinuities in the optical pillars are due to inhomogeneities in the fog scattering them. The non-linear distance scale (from the laser output port) is due to the parallax [16]...

Flux measurements to collector surfaces demonstrated that removal rates can be very rapid. In Table I, characteristic times have been calculated for deposition during dense fog. These values were determined from the total solute fluxes, mixing heights, and average pollutant concentrations measured during the individual events. The removal times were calculated to be 6 to 12 h for these periods with the exception of N(V) in non-acidic fogs. Between the occurrences of fog, aerosol deposition was substantially reduced ... 

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