Pollution responsibility

Acid deposition has been known to exist since early in the industrial age. The principle pollutants responsible for the elevated levels of acidity are the oxidized forms of sulphur and nitrogen that have been emitted as by-products from non-ferrous smelters, fossil-fueled power generating stations, and motor vehicles. The pollutants are transported substantial distances from the source areas by the atmosphere. They are deposited on receptor regions remote from the sources as acidic rain, snow, and fog or as gasses and dry particulates. 

A derived combined approach uses an amperometric biosensor [57] with a whole-cell (E. coli) sensing part, for industrial application (textile and tannery wastewaters) and detection of phenolic compounds, non-ionic surfactants and benzenesulphonate compounds. As in the previous studies, chemical analysis (SSPE followed by LC-MS) revealed the pollutants responsible for the observed toxicity. 

The European Commission has adopted a Proposal for a Directive on national emissions ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants and a Proposal for a Directive relating to ozone in ambient air. The national emissions ceilings Directive will set individual limits for each Member State s total emissions in 2010 of the four pollutants responsible for acidification, eutrophication and ozone formation in the lower atmosphere sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, VOCs and ammonia. The EU Solvents Directive has been formally adopted by the Commission. 

The actual pollutants or combination of pollutants responsible for the excess deaths in London have not been identified, although in all cases there were greatly increased levels of S02 and particulate matter in the presence of dense fog and very low, strong meteorological inversions. Figure 1.2 shows the concentrations of S02 and smoke, i.e., particles, during the 1952 episode (Wilkins, 1954). Clearly, the death rate tracks these two pollutants. It is this combination of smoke and fog that led to the now commonly used term, smog. ... 

Milford, J. B., A. G. Russell, and G. J. McRae, A New Approach to Photochemical Pollution Control Implications of Spatial Patterns in Pollutant Responses to Reductions in Nitrogen Oxides and Reactive Organic Gas Emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 1290-1301 (1989). 

It has been found that air pollution in cities damages lung development in children. Use the information in the text and any other information to make a list of the pollutants responsible for this problem. 

Milford J., Russell A. G., and McRae G. J. (1989) A new approach to photochemical pollution control imphcations of spatial patterns in pollutant responses to reductions in nitrogen oxides and reactive organic gas emissions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 1290-1301. 

Acid rain was implicated in the sterilization of lakes in North Eastern United States and in Eastern Canada. Studies showed much of the air pollution responsible for acid rain originated in the United States. The Canadian government requested the United States reduce its emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. In response, the Reagan administration promised to spend 2.5 billion on a program of research and demonstration (read this to mean study). The aim was to reduce pollution from coal fired power stations. 

Surfactants are usually an interesting fingerprint of domestic pollution, responsible for the relatively high values of aggregate parameters (TOC, BOD, COD). In this case, a simpler visual characteristic can be used for pollution diagnosis, the presence of white persistent foam, particularly in aerated area, related to the presence of surfactants. 

The 1999 Gothenburg Protocol led to the establishment of new European Union legislation, Directive 2001/81/EC on National Emissions Ceilings for Certain Pollutants. The Directive set upper limits for each member state for the total emissions of SO2, NO, , VOCs, and ammonia, four pollutants responsible for acidification, eutrophication, and ground-level ozone pollution. Member states are allowed to determine which measures they will take to comply with the directive, but are required to report annually on their national emission inventories and projects for 2010. ... 

Sauter AD, Betowski LD, Ballard JM. Comparison of priority pollutant response factors for triple and single quadrupole mass spectrometers. Anal Chem 1983 55 116-119. 

Nitrogen oxides (NO, i.e., NO, NO2, N2O) are considered as major air pollutants responsible for photochemical smog, acid rain, ozone depletion and climate change. The conventional route to eliminate NO pollution is to catalytically reduce NO into N2 using NH3, urea, H2, CO and hydrocar-... 

O3 is perhaps the most important pollutant responsible for the smog present in large urban areas, particularly in summer NO2 photolysis is the major source of tropospheric O3. In urban atmospheres the... 

In order to sustain this program, continued emphasis must be placed on enforcing existing laws so that those polluters responsible for creating the problems will help finance the restoration/remediation. Furthermore, federal/state/provincial governments must continue to provide technical assistance and financial incentives to local communities. 

Gamper-Rabindran, S. and Finger, S.R. 2013. Does industry self-regulation reduce pollution Responsible Care in the chemical industry. 

Gaseous SOj and NOj are produced during the combustion of fossil fuels. The gases represent the pollutants responsible for acid rain. 

Match each kind of substance or phenomenon actually measured that is listed in the right column with the potentially toxic substance or pollutant responsible for it from the left column ... 

Water Resources Act - this iegisiation is in piace to controi discharge to watercourses to avoid pollution. Responsibility for discharges iies with the Environment Agency. It is an offence to cause or knowingly permit ... 

ITOPF, 2012. Use of Skimmers in Oil Pollution Response— Technical Information Paper 5. Canterbury The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF). 

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