Abbreviated nomenclature

This book provides an ideal revision guide for those preparing to sit for a multiple choice questions (MCQs) examination in pharmacy. It covers common general pharmacy practice interventions and operations and other topics commonly featured in examinations, such as simple pharmaceutical calculations, doses, strengths, nomenclature, abbreviations, dosage forms, specialities, trade and generic names, biochemical tests, classification, side-effects, and common diseases. Some recent advances in pharmacy practice are also included. 

Nomenclature, Abbreviations, and Coordination Chemistry of Metal Porphyrinates... 

Stylistic details for preparing jonmal articles (snch as recommended symbols, nomenclature, abbreviations, and the proper presentation of formulas, equations, tables, and literature citations) are discnssed in... 

IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, Abbreviations and Symbols for the Description of the Conformation of Polypeptide Chains, J. Mol. Biol., 52,1-17 (1970). 

All symbols and abbreviations used in this volume are listed except the three-letter symbols of the common amino acids. For peptide size nomenclature, abbreviation policy, and oxazolone designation see Volumes 1-3. The one-letter symbols for amino acids are as follows ... 

According to lUPAC nomenclature, abbreviations of ligands themselves are written in capital letters, for exanple, DPPE, DPPF, BINAP, DBA are used, but the ligands in complexes are written with small letters like PdCl2 [dppe]Cl2, Pd2(dba)3, although this mle is neglected in many cases. 

Nomenclature, Abbreviations, and Trivial Names THF = tetrahydrofuran 1-oxacyclopentane. n-Amyl = n-pentyl CHaCCHj) -... 

The abbreviations used for the amino acid residues are mainly those recommended in lUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, Abbreviated Designation of Amino Acid Derivatives and Peptides, Tentative Rules [/. BioL Chem., 241, 527, 2491 (1966) Biochim, Biophys. Acta, 121, 1 (1966)]. Other abbreviations used are given in the list at the front of this book. 

There exist national and international organizations that recommend nomenclature abbreviations and standards, and these organizations have set up committees that have formulated, in particular, a system of nomenclature which is adhered to in this chapter but is not always adhered to in journals and in certain other fields of science. These recommended nomenclatures and abbreviations are constantly under review, so the reader is advised to seek the most up-to-date recommendations in the literature. 

Another name for the benzyloxycarbonyl group is carbobenzoxy This name and Its abbreviation Cbz are often found in the older lit erature but are no longer a part of lUPAC nomenclature... 

The lUBMB Commission on Nomenclature has issued a number of recommendations dealing with areas of a more biochemical nature (72), such as peptide hormones (86), conformation of polypeptide chains (87), abbreviations for nucleic acids and polynucleotides (88), iron—sulfur proteins (89), enzyme units (90), etc. The Commission has also produced rules and recommendations for naming enzymes (91,92). 

A Macromolecular Division of lUPAC was created in 1967, and it created a permanent Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature, parallel to the other nomenclature commissions. The Commission over the years has issued recommendations on basic definitions, stereochemical definitions and notations, stmcture-based nomenclature for regular single-strand organic polymers and regular single-strand and quasisingle-strand inorganic and coordination polymers, source-based nomenclature for copolymers, and abbreviations for polymers. AH of these are coUected in a compendium referred to as the lUPAC Purple Book (99). 

The nomenclature (qv) of polyamides is fraught with a variety of systematic, semisystematic, and common naming systems used variously by different sources. In North America the common practice is to call type AB or type AABB polyamides nylon-x or nylon-respectively, where x refers to the number of carbon atoms between the amide nitrogens. For type AABB polyamides, the number of carbon atoms in the diamine is indicated first, followed by the number of carbon atoms in the diacid. For example, the polyamide formed from 6-aminohexanoic acid [60-32-2] is named nylon-6 [25038-54-4], that formed from 1,6-hexanediamine [124-09-4] or hexamethylenediamine and dodecanedioic acid [693-23-2] is called nylon-6,12 [24936-74-1]. In Europe, the common practice is to use the designation "polyamide," often abbreviated PA, instead of "nylon" in the name. Thus, the two examples above become PA-6 and PA-6,12, respectively. PA is the International Union of Pure and AppHed Chemistry (lUPAC) accepted abbreviation for polyamides. 

Table 1 Hsts a number of chelating agents, grouped according to recognized stmctural classes. Because systematic nomenclature of chelating agents is frequently cumbersome, chelants are commonly referred to by common names and abbreviations. For the macrocyclic complexing agents, special systems of abbreviated nomenclature have been devised and are widely used. Some of the donor atoms involved ia chelation and the many forms ia which they can occur have been reviewed (5).

In Table 1, drawn up by the author, of abbreviations in common use those in bold type are in the main schedule of BS 3502. In this list the names given for the materials aie the commonly used scientific names. This situation is further complicated by the adoption of a nomenclature by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for systematic names and a yet further nomenclature by the Association for Science Education which is widely used in British schools but not in industry. Some examples of these are given in Table 2. Because many rubbery materials have been referred to in this book. Tables 3 and 4 list abbreviations for these materials. 

In addition to the nomenclature based on ISO and ASTM recommendations several other abbreviations are widely used. Those most likely to be encountered are shown in Table 4. 

Actually, because of the stress and deformation hypotheses that are an inseparable part of classical lamination theory, a more correct name would be classical thin lamination theory, or even classical laminated plate theory. We wiiruS ffi bmmon term classical lamination theory, but recognize that it is a convenient oversimplification of the rigorous nomenclature. In the composite materials literature, classical laminationtheoryls en abbreviated as CLT. 

The abbreviated nomenclature of the compounds of the oi f/to and metaseries follows the same rules. For example —... 

Chart 1. Structure and abbreviated nomenclature of macrocyclic saturated polyamines and their relevant compounds. 

Main Term (Montreal nomenclature and extensions) Abbreviations Synonyms... 

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