Nickel Murray Raney

The most important example of this category is Raney nickel, which is extensively used in hydrogenation reactions in fine chemistry. The catalyst has been named after Murray Raney who invented this catalyst in 1924. It is prepared by the reaction of a powdered nickel-aluminium alloy with aqueous sodium hydroxide to selectively remove a large fraction of the aluminium component (.see Figure 3.12). The product consists of porous nickel with a high... 

Raney nickel, named for its inventor, Murray Raney, is widely used in the industry, chiefly because it is inexpensive and exhibits a wide range of catalytic activities. Essentially, it is prepared by an NaOH leaching of A1 from a 50-50 alloy of Ni and Al. Various standard forms of Raney nickel are used, and discussions of these are readily available 6,7 Tablel.l lists some essentials of the preparation.8 The Raney process is used to prepare several other metal catalysts. 7,9,1°... 

In 1925 Murray Raney (la) was granted a patent covering a new method of preparation of a nickel catalyst. A pulverized nickel-silicon alloy was reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a pyrophoric, brownish nickel residue with superior catalytic properties. Upon investigation of other alloys of nickel and alkali-soluble metals, it was found that the aluminum alloy could be made with ease (lb) and was easily pulverized. The catalyst which is prepared by the action of aqueous sodium hydroxide on this nickel-aluminum alloy is known as... 

The process used for the preparation of Raney nickel was originally described in a patent issued to Murray Raney in 1927. The catalyst is prepared from Raney alloy which is commercially available and which consists of approximately equal weights of nickel and aluminum. 

Porous alloy electrodes of Raney nickel are often used in electrolyzers. Raney nickel is produced by first making an alloy composed of 50% aluminum and 50% nickel. This composite is then treated with potassium hydroxide, which eats away the aluminum and leaves a porous nickel sponge material, known as Raney nickel after Murray Raney, the inventor of the process. Electrolyzer electrodes of this material have a large surface area due to their porosity and will produce more gas with smaller electrodes, compared to electrodes made of materials with less surface area, such as sheet or screen. Although Raney nickel is preferred, it is more expensive than either sheet or screen. The porous texture that creates a larger surface area also acts as a filter for small particles. The sediment which forms reduces the active surface area over time, inhibiting gas formation and thus efficiency. 

Tai, A. (2002) Asymmetrically modified nickel catalyst (MNi) a heterogeneous catalyst for the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation, Murray Raney plenary lecture in Chemical Industries Series Catalysis of organic reactions) (Dekker), Morrell D.G. (ed.). 

As a result of having designed a cottonseed oil hydrogenation plant for Mercer Reynolds, Murray Raney became intrigued with catalytic hydrogenation. He demonstrated his unusual technical ability by first developing a test for catalyst efficiency and then showing that the efficiency of a nickel catalyst prepared by the reduction of nickel oxide could be... 

Until 1932, Raney nickel was considered only as a very active hydrogenation catalyst for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. However, in the October 1932 issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Professor Homer Adkins (13) of the University of Wisconsin announced to the scientific community that a new nickel catalyst "preferable to the nickel on Kieselguhr catalyst" was available from Murray Raney of... 

What can be added to break apart the H-H bond In other words, what must be added to react with hydrogen gas to allow further reaction with an alkene Based on many experiments, the answer is a transition metal such as nickel. Indeed, addition of a small amount of nickel to a mixture of hydrogen gas and 1-heptene (27) gives an excellent yield of heptane. Obviously, the metal plays a key role in this reaction because the reaction does not occur without the nickel. Further experiments show that only a catalytic amount of the nickel is required. In this specific case, the type of nickel used is called Raney nickel—abbreviated as Ni(R)—which is a finely divided form of nickel named after Murray Raney (United States 1885-1966). 

Murray Raney (1885-1966), an American engineer, invented the procedure to produce what is now known as Raney nickel . This is a fine gray powder of an alloy of nickel and aluminum, obtained by treating a piece of nickel-aluminum alloy with concentrated caustic soda. This opened the way for new electrodes for alkaline electrolysis. 

Raney nickel A porous solid catalyst made from an activated alloy of nickel and aluminium. The nickel is the catalytic metal with the aluminium as the structural support It was developed by American mechanical engineer Murray Raney (1885-1966) in 1926 for the hydrogenation of vegetable oil and is now used in hydrogenation reactions in various forms of organic synthesis. It is widely used as an industrial catalyst for the conversion of olefins and acetylenes to paraffins, nitriles, and nifro compounds to amines, and benzene to cyclohexane amongst others. 

Murray Raney was not a chemist, but he became interested in catalytic hydrogenation after he had designed a cottonseed oil hydrogenation unit for the Lookout Oil and Refining Co. For this process supported nickel catalysts, made... 

Kenner and Murray found that Raney nickel hydrogenation reduces phenyl tosylates to the corresponding hydrocarbons, at room temperature and pressure." Other examples. On the other hand, tosylates of aliphatic alcohols are merely hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols. "... 

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