Hydrogen units

Whereas most of the known silylamines containing both a silicon halogen and nitrogen hydrogen unit undergo rapid condensation with HC1 elimination [11], transition metal substitution of the silicon provides unexpected high thermal stability. Compounds of this type are available via reaction of the dichlorosilyl complexes 18a-c with bulky primary amines to generate 19a-c (Eq. (4)). 

Schulz, R., J. Strom-Olsen, L. Zaluski, and A. Zaluska, Nanocrystalline Mg or Be-based materials and use thereof for the transportation and storage of hydrogen, United States Patent 5,964,965, October 12, 1999. 

NA Japan Explosion and fire in a refinery hydrogenation unit 9 8 —... 

In this approach accident cases and design recommendations can be analysed level by level. In the database the knowledge of known processes is divided into categories of process, subprocess, system, subsystem, equipment and detail (Fig. 6). Process is an independent processing unit (e.g. hydrogenation unit). Subprocess is an independent part of a process such as reactor or separation section. System is an independent part of a subprocess such as a distillation column with its all auxiliary systems. Subsystem is a functional part of a system such as a reactor heat recovery system or a column overhead system including their control systems. Equipment is an unit operation or an unit process such as a heat exchanger, a reactor or a distillation column. Detail is an item in a pipe or a piece of equipment (e.g. a tray in a column, a control valve in a pipe). 

Chlorine has so great an attraction for hydrogen, that it removes the latter from its compounds with carbon. When a rag moistened with turpentine is plunged into chlorine, the chlorine and hydrogen unite, with evolution of heat and light, carbon being liberated —... 

Figure 5.2-43. Selective hydrogenation unit IFP (after Euzen et al. [62]).

A photography of a selective hydrogenation unit designed by the Institut Fran9ais du Petrole is shown in Figure 5.2-43 [62]. 

Part of the liquid from the bottom tray of zone 4 (at 590°F) is pumped to a hydrogenation unit beyond the battery limits. Some light material is returned at 400°F from the hydrogenation unit to the middle of zone 4, together with some steam. 

Figure 1. Simplified flow diagram of hydrogenation unit...

Carbon, heated to 1200° in an atmosphere of hydrogen, unites with it to form marsh-gas (methane), CH4. Only... 

The bench-scale hydrogenation unit was designed for operation at up to 3,000 psig and 450° C, with once-through flow of hydrogen, down-flow of gas and liquid over a fixed-bed catalyst. Reactor temperature, pressure, and hydrogen flow and liquid level in the high-pressure product separator were controlled automatically. Liquid product was withdrawn periodically from a low-pressure... 

The distribution of the population density is highly concentrated on the coastal regions, 60% (out of 33 millions) in a land area that represents less than 6% of the whole territory. Such situation imposes the recourse to the Atlas and desert regions in order to host future population. The last requires the building of thousands of houses and even new cities. On-site electricity production is suitable since grid extension is not economically viable in most cases. In this regard, small-scale PV solar hydrogen units would be... 

The commercial use of nonsplitting hydrogenation processes for the desulfurization of middle and light distillates in the petroleum industry in the United States is rapidly increasing. In 1954 forty petroleum hydrogenation units (37) were in operation, under construction, or planned. Comparatively low pressure will be used in these plants in contrast with the high-pressure process used in the thirties (33) for the hydrogenation... 

A solution of 31.8 g (0.74 mole) of 3-(2-benzylmethylaminoacetyl) methanesulfonanilide methanesulfonate in 700 ml of absolute ethanol is reduced in an atmospheric hydrogenation unit (2 to 5 p.s.i. g positive pressure) during 24 hours with a 10% palladium catalyst prepared from 320 mg of palladium chloride and 2.0 g of pulverized charcoal. After absorption of the calculated amount of hydrogen, the catalyst is filtered, the filtrate concentrated to about 100 ml, mixed with about 500 ml of ether, resulting in precipitation of a white solid weighing 24.3 g (96%), M.P. 201-203.5°C. Two recrystallizations from ethanol (35 ml/g of solid) yield the analytically pure 3-(2-methylamino-l-hydroxyethyl)methanesulfonanilide methanesulfonate, 19.6 g (75%), M.P. 207-209°C. 

The methyl esters can be fed directly to a hydrogenation unit, or more often are distilled to separate unreacted triglycerides which are recycled. The distilled methyl esters are hydrogenated at approximately 300°C and 3000 psig with a copper chromite catalyst in slurry form through tubular reactors. Excess hydrogen is used for reduction as well as agitation of the slurried catalyst. 

The triethylaluminum reaction product is divided into two streams. One stream, 70-75 percent of, the total, is recycled directly to the hydrogenation unit to form additional diethylaluminum hydride. The other stream, 25-30 percent of the total, is the actual product stream. It is first centrifuged to remove the bulk of unreacted aluminum which is recycled to the hydrogenation reactor along with recycle triethylaluminum. Product... 

Equilibrium hydrogen concentration m(P, T) was determined from the lattice constant a(P,T) of hydrogen unit cell at minimum value of the Gibbs thermodynamical potential G P. T) = F(P, T) + PV ... 

A high volatile (Clear Creek, Utah) bituminous coal (Table I) was ground to -40+100 mesh and subjected to liquefaction by two methods (A) hydrogenation as a dry powder in a short-residence-time hydrogenation unit, using ZnCl2 as catalyst (7,8), and (B) solubilization with NaOH-ethanol at two different temperatures. Process descriptions of these liquefaction procedures follows ... 

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