New European Driving Cycle

NAFTA n.a. NEA NEDC NG NGC NGL NGPL NMVOC NOC NUTS North American Free Trade Agreement Not available Nuclear Energy Agency New European Driving Cycle Natural gas Natural gas from coal Natural-gas liquids Natural gas plant liquids Non-methane volatile organic carbons National Oil Company Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics... 

In the remainder of this chapter we will refer to the New European Driving Cycle (NDEC), described in Figure 4.1, consisting offour urban cycles at a maximum speed of 50kmh and one suburban cycle at a maximum speed of 120kmh . ... 

Few data are publicly available on fuel processor efficiency. However, a typical value of 77.3% was determined over the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) for a fuel cell drive system supplied by methanol [8]. Johnson-Matthey reports even 89% for its HotSpot module combined with a gas purification system [9],... 

Passenger Cars (conformity of production) in the New European Driving Cycle (g/km) ... 

NEDC - New European Drive Cycle including both low speed urban and high speed highway driving... 

NEDC New European Drive Cycle PEM Proton Exchange Membrane... 

Conventional power trains for passenger cars based on internal combustion spark or compression ignition engines (ICE), today have a tank to wheel efficiency of only 19-21% when benchmarked on standardized cycles, such as the New European Driving Cycle (NDEC) [22]. Therefore, there is a significant potential for CO2 emission reduction through efficiency increase. 

FIGURE 8.6 (a) Operation modes of extended-range electric vehicles, from Ref. [5]. (b) New European Driving Cycle. (For color version of this figure, the reader is referred to the online version of this book.)... 

Watling et al. [40] used a kinetic model for simulating the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) test over a Cu-zeolite coated filter. The reactions used to describe the SCR system are shown in Eqs. (12.21-12.27) in addition to the following two reactions ... 

The HFP focuses on the acceleration and development for cost reduction necessary to competitively market fuel cells for transportation, stationary, and portable power applications. Their Hyways Project Roadmap aims for a mass market rollout by 2020 for European class vehicles with efficiencies of at least 40% on the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) at a cost of 100 Euros kW and lifetimes of 5000 h for automobiles and 10,000 h for buses. The goals for stationary power systems mainly target residential power systems which the HFP hopes to see tangible market penetration by 2020. By 2009-2012, these systems are expected to maintain 34-40% electrical efficiency, a total fuel efficiency of 80%, >12,000 h of operation and cost less than 6000 Euro per system stack (Borup et al., 2007). 

Five driving cycles are considered in the study to evaluate the impact of advanced lithium-ion batteries on fuel economy HDDS (urban dynamometer driving schedule), HWFET (highway fuel economy test), LA92 (1992 test data from Los Angeles), NEDC (new European driving cycle) and Ford ATDS. The main characteristics of each cycle are summarized in Table 8. 

Review has shown that along with these factors, not only would time of year affect fuel cell operation, but load cycle and other operating variables could be considered. A PEMFC will change temperature, gas flow rates and other parameters based upon load demand. Therefore incorporation of a drive cycle such as the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) would put the fuel cell under differing loads, and thus differing operating parameters. 

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