Compression ignition engines

Compression ignition engine Designed, constructed and equipped to protect explosive from external hazards and weather Closed or securely sheeted Trailers to be adequately braked or restrained upon detachment from towing vehicle... 

The overall efficiency of a compression ignition engine depends on the type, but ranges from 30 to 40 per cent. 

Electricity works (excluding compression-ignition engines burning distillate fuel with a sulfur content of <1 per cent) ... 

In Fuel Compositions for Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines . Eur. Pat. Appl., No EP1371715, 2003. 

Diesel fuel fnel nsed for internal combnstion in diesel engines usually, that fraction which distills within the temperature range approximately 200 to 370°C. A general term covering oils used as fuel in diesel and other compression ignition engines. 

Many studies on the performances and emissions of compression ignition engines, fueled with pme biodiesel and blends with diesel fuel, have been conducted and are reported in the literature (Laforgia and Ardito, 1994). Fuel characterization data show some similarities and differences between biodiesel and petrodiesel fuels. The sulfur content of petrodiesel is 20 to 50 times that of biodiesel. Biodiesel has demonstrated a number of promising characteristics, including reduction of exhaust emissions. 

Combustion in the Otto cycle is based on a constant-volume process in the Diesel cycle, it is based on a constant-pressure process. However, combustion in actual spark-ignition engine requires a finite amount of time if the process is to be complete. For this reason, combustion in the Otto cycle does not actually occur under the constant-volume condition. Similarly, in compression-ignition engines, combustion in the Diesel cycle does not actually occur under the constant-pressure condition, because of the rapid and uncontrolled combustion process. 

When ethanol is used in a standard spark ignition or compression ignition engine designed to bum conventional hydrocarbon-based fuels, ethanol performance varies substantially if no engine modifications are made, and it becomes difficult to rate the value of ethanol as an effective fuel. Consequently, flexible fueled vehicles (FFVs) or variable fueled vehicles (VFVs) have been developed to operate on either gasoline or alcohol-based fuels. These vehicles are equipped with on-board sensors and controls to adjust the spark advance and the fuel injector timing to help correct for the differences in fuel performance. 

Results of a study sponsored by the State of California Energy Commission comparing the exhaust emissions from compression ignition engines designed to operate on methanol fuel are shown in TABLE 12-11. The results are compared to typical exhaust emission levels obtained from conventional diesel engines. 

Commercial amyl nitrate has been used as an ignition accelerator for compression-ignition engine fuels (Ref 3). It also was investigated as a possible monofuel in rocket or ATO engines but found to be unsuitable. Amyl nitrate is capable of decompn on a Ni catalyst but the reaction is barely self-sustaining and. large quantities of soot are deposited which quickly choke the pipes of motors(Ref 4). 

Certain operating characteristics of the Diesel or compression-ignition engine result from the nature of the combustion process. In particular, the engine operates over a comparatively wide range of over-all fuel/air ratios because fuel and air are not premixed. At a given speed the range is from approximately 0.01 pound per pound (580% excess air) at no load to about 0.055 pound per pound (20% excess air) at full load. Excess air is essential to ensure complete combustion and avoid smoke production. 

Bogen, J. S., Wilson, G. C., Ignition Accelerators for Compression-Ignition Engine... 

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