Secretory immune response

Although most drugs are absorbed from the intestine by the blood capillary network in the villi, they can also be taken up by the lymphatic system (an integral and necessary part of the vascular system, the function of which is to collect extra tissue fluid and return it to the vascular compartment), particularly by M cells that reside in the Peyer s patch regions of the intestine. Peyer s patches have also been implicated in the regulation of the secretory immune response. Wachsmann et al. [277] reported that an antigenic material encapsulated within a liposome, when administered perorally, is taken up by these M cells and exhibited better saliva and serum IgA (primary and secondary)... 

Enterotoxigenic E. coli B subunits of the heat labile toxin (LTB) Maize seed Elicited neutralizing antibodies. Immunogenic when administered orally. Serum and secretory immune responses in humans. Partially protective in mouse gut fluid assay. 27-29, 89, unpublished data... 

The induction of an immune response by various mucosal routes is an important approach for the control of mucosally acquired infections. The apparent linked nature of the mucosal immune system enables the delivery of an antigen to any mucosal surface to have the secondary effect of potentially inducing immunity at others. Induction of a combination of systemic and secretory immune responses can be determined by the nature of the antigen, the route of administration, and the delivery system utilized. For example, traditional parenteral vaccines primarily induce IgM and IgG responses, whereas mucosal vaccination can elicit both IgG and secretory IgA responses (Corthesy, 2007). 

Alexander, N.J., D.L. Fulgham, and E. Goldberg, E. 1992. Contraceptive vaccine development Secretory immune response in mice and monkeys. Vaccine Res 1 331. 

Thapar, M. Parr, E. Parr, M. Secretory immune responses in mouse vaginal fluid after pelvic, parenteral or vaginal immunization. Immunology 1990, 70, 121-125. 

T cells are lymphocytes produced by the thymus gland. There are two types of T cells involved in immune response CD4+ (CD positive, helper cells) and CD8 (CD positive, also called T killer, or suppressor, cells). When the APCs present the antigens to CD4+ helper T cells, the secretory function is activated and growth factors such as cytokines are secreted to signal the proliferation of CD8" killer cells and B cells. When the CD8" ... 

About 10-20% of all transmembrane proteins that are targeted to the ER and subsequently enter the secretory pathway are subject to post-translational modification with glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI). Proteins bearing the GPI anchor are involved in signal transduction, immune response, cancer cell invasion, and metastasis and the pathobiology of trypanosomal parasites. The structure of the GPI anchor has been analyzed for mammals, protozoa, and yeast. The general structure of the glycolipid structure is shown in Scheme 4. 

Kwon, C., Bednarek, P., Schulze-Lefert, P Secretory pathways in plant immune responses. Plant Physiol 147 (2008a) 1575-1583. 

Mittal, S.K. Papp, Z. Tikoo, S.K. Baca-Estrada, M. Yoo, D. Benko, M. Babiuk, L.A. Induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in cotton rats immunized with human adenovirus type 5 recombinants expressing the full and secretory forms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gD. Virology 1996, 222, 299-309. 

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