Neuroectodermal cells

The second category includes mesenchymal cells, such as fibroblasts (BALB/c 3T3, Swiss 3T3), adipocytes, endothelial cells, smooth thin muscle cells, and neuroectodermic cells (such as glia cells). Most of these cells need maintenance factors. Some cells, such as the NIH-3T3, can grow in a serum-free medium containing minimal medium supplemented with transferrin (25 pg/ml), insulin (10 pg/ml), EGF (100 ng/ml), bFGF (100 ng/ml), and PDGF (0.5 U/ml). 

Medullomyoblastomas occur in the midline posterior fossa of children and contain smooth or striated muscle fibers.They are mixtures of stainable muscle cells and small neuroectodermal cells resembling medulloblastoma, in contrast to pure primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcomas, which do not contain cells derived from neuroectoderm. Synaptophysin and retinal-S antigen markers facilitate detection of these neuroectodermal cells. Immunoperoxidase stains for desmin and muscle-specific actin markers confirm muscular differentiation (see Table 20.8). Mesodermal elements other than muscle are occasionally found in medulloblastomas and medullomyoblastomas. The medullomyoblastoma has lately been considered a subtype of medulloblastoma. ... 

Ectoderm. Verfaille et al. have shown the potential characterization of MAPCs to differentiate into functional neuroectodermal cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons [27,131,132],... 

Amine precursor uptake decarboxylase system, APUD system the nervous system and part of the gastrointestinal tract derived from the neuroectodermal cells of the primitive neural crest. Gut and brain produce several identical peptides, e. g. bombesin, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, substance P, enkephalin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, etc., reflecting the common embryological origin of the two tissues. These peptides function specifically in both gut and nervous system, but their functions are generally distinct, because they are largely excluded by the blood-brain barrier. 

It derives from neuroectodermal cells of the retina and presents clinically with strabism, leukocoria, and, perhaps, pain. While primarily being diagnosed by visual means, retinoblastoma may present with characteristic calcifications within an intraocular mass at CT. MRI allows to determine intra- and extra-ocular tumor extension and the presence of bilateral or trilateral (including pinealoma) tumor or intra-cranial metastasis. Differential diagnosis includes persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous body and Coats disease (MuELLER-FoRELL and PiTZ 2004). 

Corti, S., Locatelli, F., Donadoni, C. et al. Neuroectodermal and microglial differentiation of bone marrow cells in the mouse spinal cord and sensory ganglia. /. Neurosci. Res. 70 721-733,2003. 

The neural crest cells as they pinch off from the neuroectoderm, migrate through the embryonic body in a sea of HA.46 When these cells reach their particular destination, hyaluronidases remove the HA, and cell migration then ceases. In embryology, as parenchymal glands develop, HA can... 

Fibroblasts, along with cells from adipose tissue, cardiac and skeletal muscle and the vascular endothelium, are derived from the mesenchyme while epithelial cells are obtained from the cervix, kidney tubes, bronchii, trachea etc. Neurones and glial cells are of neuroectodermal origin and blood cells arise from the haemopoietic system. 

D. Gospodarowicz, G. Neufeld, and L. Schweigerer. Molecular and biological characterization of fibroblast growth factor, an angiogenic factor which also controls the proliferation and diffetentiation of mesoderm and neuroectoderm derived cells. Cell Differ, 19 (1), 1-17, 1986. 

---