Peptide function

Fluorescently modified fibrils are a useful probe. Furthermore, MacPhee and Dobson have shown that it may be possible to bind other non-peptidic functional groups, provided they can be covalently linked during synthesis. They also demonstrate that utilizing intrinsic fibril structural features might be one approach to the production of peptide scaffolds with well-defined ligand spacings. 

Horuk R, Clayberger C, Krensky AM, et al. A non-peptide functional antagonist of the CCR1 chemokine receptor is effective in rat heart transplant rejection. J Biol Chem 2001 276 4199-4204. 

Pantarotto, D. et al. (2003) Immunization with peptide-functionalized carbon nanotubes enhances virus-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Chem. Biol, 10, 961-966. 

Proteins are built up by aminoacids linked by peptide bonds into a polypeptide chain (Figure 2). The sequence of the aminoacids in the chain is known as the primary structure of the protein. The primary structure of the protein gives rise to the corresponding three-dimensional structure, and the spatial relationships of the constituents are the key for the peptide function. 

Bioactive-peptide-functionalized CNTs can cause strong anti-peptide immunological responses in mice, no cross-reactivity against CNTs was detected (Pantarotto et al., 2003 Salvetat et al., 2006). Employing fully the advantages of CNTs and proteins may fabricate a lot of nanomotor or nanoscale machinery with unique function. 

CNTs also showed toxic sign to cells. For example, Pantarotto and his colleagues (Pantarotto et al., 2004) reported that CNT-conjugated bioactive peptides can cross cell membranes, can accumulate in the cytoplasm, or reach the nucleus this kind of peptides-functionalized CNTs may exhibit cytotoxicity when the concentration inside the cells exceed 10 pM. 

Guo, C.X., et al., RGD-Peptide functionalized graphene biomimetic live-cell sensor for realtime detection of nitric oxide molecules. ACS Nano, 2012. 6(8) p. 6944-6951. 

Although host defense peptides have traditionally been regarded as molecules that act as direct antimicrobial agents, the relevance of this activity to peptide functions in vivo has been called into question. 

A. Trojan, J.L. Schultze, M. Witzens, R.H. Vonderheide, M. Ladetto, J.W. Donovan, and J.G. Gribben, Immunoglobulin framework derived peptides function as c34otoxic T cell epitopes commonly expressed in B-cell malignancies, Nat Med. 6, 667-672 (2000). 

Recent studies on peptide functionalities have revealed some other beneficial health improvements such as antidiabetic, antithrombotic, hypochlesterolemic and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, it has also been reported recently that VY, one of the vasoactive and VDCC... 

Peptides function as neurotransmitters and hormones and thus are good starting materials when designing bioactive molecules. 

Pantarotto D, Partidos CD, Hoebeke J et al (2003) Immunisation with peptide-functionalized carbon nanotubes enhanced virus-specific neutralising antibody response. Chem Biol 10 961-966... 

Activation of receptors can also be mediated by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of the receptor by proteases like thrombin. For these protease activated receptors, a proteolytically produced peptide functions as the activating ligand. 

Debnath S, Shome A, Das D et al. Hydrogelation through self-assembly of Fmoc-peptide functionalized cationic amphiphiles potent antibacterial agent. J Phys Chem B 114 4407-4415... 

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