Glia cells

Induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides or immune cytokines in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and glia cells. Ca2+ is not required for the enzyme activation. 

Sonderer, B., Wild, P., Wyler, R, Fontana, A., Peterhans, E. and Schwyzer, M. (1987). Murine glia cells in culture can be stimulated to generate reactive oxygen. J. Leukocyte Biol. 42, 463-473. 

Monkey (Rhesus) 9 yr (F) 7 (decrease content of S100 protein in hippocampal glia cells) Noack et al. 1996 PbAc... 

While entering SC back in organism after cultivation they are able to get the phenotype of the tissue which they got in. For example, SC become cardiomiocytes when being introduced into the cardiac muscle, neurons or glia cells in the cerebrum, adipocytes when entering the adipose tissue. 

The neurons are surrounded by neuroglia (or glia) cells. These differ from the neurons in that they do not have electrically excitable membranes. They comprise nearly half the brain volume and function to separate and support... 

The pBz receptor is distinct from the Bzl and 2 receptors and does not activate GABA-A receptors. It is occupied by the isoquinoline PK 11195 and the benzodiazepine Ro 4864, neither of which has affinity for the brain Bzl or 2 receptors. In the brain the pBz receptor is associated with the outer membrane of the mitochondria and with the glia cells. 

Oligodendroglia One of the three types of glia cells responsible for creating the myelin sheath surrounding neurons in the CNS. 

The second category includes mesenchymal cells, such as fibroblasts (BALB/c 3T3, Swiss 3T3), adipocytes, endothelial cells, smooth thin muscle cells, and neuroectodermic cells (such as glia cells). Most of these cells need maintenance factors. Some cells, such as the NIH-3T3, can grow in a serum-free medium containing minimal medium supplemented with transferrin (25 pg/ml), insulin (10 pg/ml), EGF (100 ng/ml), bFGF (100 ng/ml), and PDGF (0.5 U/ml). 

Vilhardt F (2005) Microglia Phagocyte and glia cell, hit J Biochem Cell Biol 37 17-21. 

Verkhratsky, A. and Kettenmann, H., Calcium signals in glia cells, Trends Neurosci., 19, 346, 1996. 

The cultures can either consist of one predominant neuronal cell type, a mixture of different neuronal populations, pure glial cells, or mixed neuronal-glial cultures. These characteristics make it possible to determine the specific sensitivity to chemical perturbation in different neuronal and glia cell types [31, 32], The presence of astrocytes is known to modify the neuronal response to toxicants and it has been identified as an important contributing factor to neurotoxicity [33]. Primary neuronal cultures are often used to investigate cellular mechanisms of toxicity observed after in vivo chemical exposure. 

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