Muscle-specific actin

Flaas M, Meehan SM, Josephson MA, Wit EJ, Woodle ES, Thistlethwaite JR. Smooth muscle-specific actin levels in the urine of renal transplant recipients correlation with cyclosporine or tacrolimus nephrotoxicity. Am J Kidney Dis 1999 34 69-84. 

Antl-muscle-specific actin (clone HHF-35) (M) Enzo 1 8000 MWER Recognition of smooth muscle and striated muscle tumors as well as myofibroblastic differentiation... 

KER, keratin, detected by a mixture of GAMS.2, MAK-6, and AEl /AE3 EMA, epithelial membrane antigen VIM, vimentin DES, desmin MSA, muscle-specific actin SMA, smooth muscle (alpha isoform) actin GALD, h-caldesmon S-IOOP, S-100 protein OCN, osteocalcin LM, laminin UL, Ulex europaeus I lectin binding FS, fibrosarcoma SGRMS, spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma LMS, leiomyosarcoma MPNST, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor MSS, monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma SCAS, spindle cell angiosarcoma KS, Kaposi s sarcoma FOS, fibroblastic osteosarcoma. 

Alpha) smooth muscle actin is less specific for myogenous differentiation than h-caldesmon or HHF-35, muscle-specific actin. 

Fibroma of tendon sheath and collagenous fibroma (desmoplastic fibroblastoma) are usually sufficiently distinct clinically and histologically to separate them from fibromatosis. They often react either diffusely or focally for muscle-specific actin and smooth muscle actin and may even show faint S-100 positivity.Desmin, however, is not found. In addition to sharing an immunophenotypic profile, fibroma of tendon sheath and collagenous fibroma have been observed to harbor the same abnormality of chromosome... 

Typical ES/PNET is nonreactive for chromogranin, cytokeratin, glial fibrillary protein, desmin, muscle-specific actin, myogenin, CD31, and However, in studies of tumors that were confirmed by molecular identification of the t(ll 22) translocation, immunoreactivity for cytokeratin has been present in 20% to 30% of ES/PNET cases.Nonetheless, in our experience, keratin has been relatively focally expressed in these tumors when present. NB84 (a marker developed for recognition of neuroblastoma) is also apparent in roughly 20% of ES/PNETs. 

Rangdaeng S, Truong LD. Comparative immunohistochemical staining for desmin and muscle specific actin A study of 576 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991 96 32-45. 

Povysil C, Tomanova R, Matejovsky Z. Muscle-specific actin expression in chondroblastoma. Hum Pathol. 1997 28 316-320. 

Because muscle-specific actin (recognized by monoclonal antibody HHF-35), alpha-isoform ( smooth muscle ) actin (recognized by antibody 1A4), and caldesmon are also preferentially seen in nonepithelial, nonmelanocytic, nonglial tissues, those determinants would be unexpected in melanocytic neoplasms. Indeed,... 

In a review of 104 glomangiopericytomas, Thompson and colleagues observed that 98% were positive for vimentin, 92% for smooth muscle actin, 78% for factor Xllla, 77% for muscle specific actin, 52% for laminin, 8% for CD34, 3% for S-100 protein, and 3% for bcl-2. All were negative for desmin. 

FIGURE 11.3 Muscle-specific actin (M) (A) is present in the proliferating cells of this mediastinal desmoid-type fibromatosis (B). 

KER, keratin (mixture of monoclonal antibodies) EMA, epithelial membrane antigen VIM, vimentin CALRET, calretinin DES, desmin MSA, muscle-specific actin AFP, alpha fetoprotein SYN, synaptophysin CCA, chromogranin A MESOTH, mesothelioma SCYST, spindle cell yolk sac tumor LMS, leiomyosarcoma SPCCA, spindle cell carcinoma (either primary or metastatic) SYNSC, synovial sarcoma SPCNC, spindle cell neuroendocrine carcinoma FS, fibrosarcoma MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 

Moran and colleagues have reported the existence of primary mediastinal leiomyosarcomas, which may be observed in either the anterior or posterior compartments. These spindle-cell malignancies are uniformly immunoreactive for desmin (Fig. 11.35), muscle-specific actin, alpha-isoform actin, caldesmon, and calponin vimentin also may be present. Conversely, EMA, keratin, Myo-Dl, myoglobin, myogenin, and... 

Muscle-specific actin HHF-35 42-kD protein in preparations of purified skeletal muscle actin and extracts of aorta, uterus, diaphragm, and heart SDS extracted protein fraction of human myocardium Cell Marque NA HIER... 

Azumi N, Ben-Ezra J, Battifora H. Immunophenotypic diagnosis of leiomyosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas with monoclonal antibodies to muscle-specific actin and desmin in formalin-fixed tissue. Mod Pathol. 1988 1 469-474. 

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