Networking Telecommunications Protocols

The critical information infrastructure (CII) is a subset of the critical infrastructure, composed of the totality of interconnected computers and networks and their critical information flows [8]0, comprising therefore a vast range of components and systems, extending from hardware (satellites, routers), to software (operating systems, Internet protocols, databases), to data (DNS tables), to the processes and operations applied for running them [16]0. The CII includes typical information systems and telecommunications services, but increasingly now industrial systems (as for instance, the remote control of installations). 

There were also changes on the national telecommunications (telecomms) scene. The Post Office had developed an experimental packet-switched system for data transmission, known therefore as EPSS, which became available in 1975. With the development of Packet Assembler-Disassemblers (PADs), the existing ad hoc system of networking became somewhat more organised, and started to use standard protocols. Intramural communications also tended to become packet based. 

We chose this problem because of the increasing demand for efficient and reliable communication protocols in the telecommunication industry. Computer networks, in fact, are gaining an increasing importance as they penetrate business and everyday-life (Stevens, 94). Technological evolution results in increased computational power and transmission capacity. These two phenomena open the way to the development and exploitation of new applications (e.g., video-conferencing) which require demanding services ftom the network. As a result... 

The International Telecommunications Union (ITU), located in Geneva, Switzerland and founded in 1965, is an international organization that supports developing international standards for networks on behalf of all countries. It actually guides the development of networks in Europe. The X.25 protocol for wide area networks was approved by the ITU in 1976 and was used for commercial networks in Europe and the United States after its release. The ITU remains active in standards development for networks, including a green networking initiative. 

Wijetunge, S., Gunawardana, U., Liyanapathirana, R. (2010). Wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring Considerations for communication protocol design. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), (pp. 694-699). IEEE Press. 

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