International Telecommunications Union

CCIR = Internationa Radio Consultative Committee of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). 

Final Acts of the World Administrative Kadio Conference (1979), Vols. I and II, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, Dec. 1979. 

These terms are derived from various sources, principally from the List of Definitions of Essential Telecommunications Terms (Part I, Corrosion), International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, 1957, 1st Supplement, I960, and the B.S.I. Code of Practice for Cathodic Protection, CP102I 1973 terms taken from the Code of Practice are marked with an asterisk. 

For the measurement of quality of telephone-band speech codecs a simplified method is given. This method was standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (Telecom sector) as recommendation P.861. 

The Federal Communications Commission in the United States regulates microwave usage, and the frequencies for heating are designated by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The allowed frequencies most commonly used in the United States are 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz. 

CCITT Acronym for Comite Consultatif Internationale de Telephonic et de Telegraphic. An organization, based in Geneva, that develops worldwide data communications standards. CCTTT is part of the TTU (International Telecommunications Union). The organization has been renamed ITU-T (ITU Telecommunications Standardization Sector). 

HF—high frequency Hz—hertz (s ) ITU—International Telecommunications Union keV— kiloelectron volt (10 eV) km—kilometer (10 m) LF—low frequency m—meter MeV— megaelectron volt (10 eV) MF—medium frequency MHz—megahertz (10 hertz) Mm—megameter (10 meter) mm—millimeter (10 meter) jim—micrometer (10 meter) nm—nanometer (10 meter) PHz—petahertz (10 hertz) pm—picometer (10 meter) SHF—super high frequency SLF—super low frequency THz—terahertz UHF— ultra high frequency ULF—ultra low frequency VHF—very high frequency VLF—very low frequency. 

In the United States the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has responsibility for assigning each portion of the radio spectrum (9 kHz to 300 GHz) for different uses. These assignments must be compatible with the rules of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), to which the United States is bound by treaty. The current assignments are given in a wall chart (Reference 1) and may also be found on the NTIA web site (Reference 2). The list below summarizes the broad features of the spectrum allocation, with particular attention to those sections of scientific interest. The references should be con-... 

International Telecommunication Union. Article 1 Terms and definitions, 1.15. (2009). http //life.itu.ch... 

There are also efforts to make standards in different countries uniform. This is called harmonization. In Europe, several organizations attempt to harmonize standards, including the ISO. Other examples are the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 

Internet coverage, as shown, e.g., by Wikipedia and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), has gaps which correspond unsurprisingly with regions which are... 

International Telecommunication Union, 2008, "Implementing e-Health in developing countries." Guidance and Principles. Accessed January 16, 2014. http //www.itu.int/ITU-D/cyb/app /docs/e-Health prefinal 15092008.PDF. 

Many professional organizations exist to provide detailed, updated data on issues that affect both for-profit and not-for-profit industries. The National Gommimi-cation Association, the International Communication Association, and a United Nations agency, the International Telecommunications Union, are leaders in the exchange of ideas, knowledge, research, technology, and regulatory information pertinent to communication. 

International Telecommunications Union http //www.itu.int/en/pages/default.aspx... 

The International Telecommunications Union (ITU), located in Geneva, Switzerland and founded in 1965, is an international organization that supports developing international standards for networks on behalf of all countries. It actually guides the development of networks in Europe. The X.25 protocol for wide area networks was approved by the ITU in 1976 and was used for commercial networks in Europe and the United States after its release. The ITU remains active in standards development for networks, including a green networking initiative. 

The Internet. According to the United Nations International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the number of Internet users across the world met the two billion mark in January 2011. Much like standard telephone service, the capacity, ease, and speed to the Internet has been greatly increased by the replacement of phone-based modem systems, cable modems, and digital subscriber line (DSL) by fiber-optics wired systems. Although fiber-optic connections directly to homes in the United States are not available in all areas, some companies use fiber-optic systems down major networking lines and then split to traditional copper wiring for houses. 

In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is responsible for assigning a range of frequencies, for example, a frequency band in the RF spectrum, to a broadcasting station or service. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) coordinates frequency band allocation and cooperation... 

TIA is the Telecommunications Industry Association . IEC is the International Electrotechnical Commission. ITU is the International Telecommunication Union. 

Recommendation G.651, Characteristics of a 50/125 fxm multimode graded index optical fiber cable. International Telecommunications Union, 1998. 

Figure 15.3 shows the B-ISDN signal transport protocol reference model defined in CCITT Rec. 1.321. [The International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) has been renamed the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) since 1994.] Three layers are defined in the model physical. 

Synchronous optical network (SONET) refers to an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for fiber optic telecommunications interfaces. It was developed in the late 1980s and telecommunications equipment providing the interface continues to be deployed throughout the North American network. Closely related to SONET is the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) interface, which is an international fiber optic telecommunications interface standard prepared by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), an agency of the United Nations. Although SONET and SDH are documented in different standards, the two interfaces are compatible. SONET can be considered a subset of SDH, in the sense that it selects among various options allowed in SDH. 

ITU-T G.709, Synchronous Multiplexing Structure, International Telecommunication Union. TR-NWT-000253, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Transport Systems Common Generic Criteria, Bellcore. 

Many of the organizations mentioned can be accessed via the Internet. Several examples include NASA (http //nasa.gov) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (http //itu.ch) INTELSAT (http // www.intelsat.int 8080) Inmarsat (http //www.worldserver.pipex.com/inmarsat/index.htm) and FCC (http //www.fcc.gov/). 

International Telecommunications Union (ITU) A specialized agency ofthe United Nations established to maintain and extend international cooperation for the maintenance, development, and efficient use of telecommunications. The union does this through standards and recommended regulations, and through technical and telecommunications studies. 

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