Process Networks

H. Chan, A. Butler, D.M. Falk and M.S. Freund, Artificial neural network processing of stripping analysis responses for identifying and quantifying heavy metals in the presence of intermetallic compound formation. Anal. Chem., 69 (1997) 2373-2378. 

The previous general continuous-time formulations are mostly oriented towards arbitrary network processes. On the other hand, different continuous-time formulations focused their attention on particular features of a wide variety of sequential processes. One of the first contributions following this direction is based on the concept of time slots, which stand for a set of predefined time intervals with unknown durations. The main idea is to postulate an appropriate number of time slots for each processing unit in order to allocate them to the batches to be processed. The definition of the number of time slots required is not a trivial decision and represents an important trade-offbetween optimality and computational performance. Other alternative approaches for sequential processes were developed based on the concept of batch precedence. Model variables defining the processing sequence of batch tasks are explicitly embedded into these formulations and, consequently,... 

The previous general continuous-time formulations are mostly oriented towards general network processes. On the other hand, different continuous-time formulations focused their attention on the particular features of a wide variety of sequential... 

Physical Hardware units, networks Processing and communication capabilities (speed, latency, resources), communication relations, topology, physical containment... 

Meyer, M., Koehret, B., and Enjalbert, M. (1993). Data reconciliation on multicomponent network process. Comput. Chem. Eng. 17, 807—817. 

The experimental exploration and confirmation of protein functions are relatively slow processes and always require dedicated experiments. The analysis of protein-protein associations as such improved remarkably in quality and speed. This is accompanied by the creation of new databases that will reflect the network of interacting proteins (the Protein Function and Metabolic Pathway project, http //bioinformer.ebi. ac.uk 80/newsletter/archives/4/pfmp.html, and the Biomolecular Interaction Network Database project http //bioinfo.mshri.on.ca/ BIND/). These activities contribute to the idea that cellular mechanisms can be better understood when they are seen as a multicomponent networked process. 

In other words, it can be said that an autopoietic system organizes the production of its own components, so that these components are continuously regenerated and can therefore maintain the very network process that produces them. 

The most general property of an autopoietic system is the capability to generating its own components via a network process that is internal to the boundary. The boundary of the system must be of its own making, a product of the process of component production. Whether a given system is capable of making its own boundary or not is often the most discriminating criterion by which we recognize an autopoietic system. 

To allow for interdependencies and feedback between the various elements constituting a decision support model, Saaty (1996) extended the AHP into the more general Analytic Network Process (ANP). A brief exposition of the ANP can be found in Saaty (2005, pp. 382-405) and Cheng et al. (2005) provide application examples. A case study of using the ANP... 

Cheng EWL, Li H, Yu L (2005) The analytic network process (ANP) approach to location selection a shopping mall illustration. Construction Innovation 5 83-97... 

The challenge posed by establishing and maintaining communication between distributed controllers has also stimulated research in the area of networked process control (El-Farra et al. 2005, Mhaskar et al. 2007, Sun and El-Farra 2008, 2010). The central issue of maintaining closed-loop stability in the presence of bandwidth constraints and limitations in transmitter battery longevity is typically addressed by a judicious distribution of computation and communication burdens between local/distributed control systems and a centralized supervisory controller. 

Relating measurements. Evaluating the relationships between the different types of measurements of the variables that are coupled or not to a process is fundamental in statistics. In the case of variables coupled to a process, the separation in the class of independent variables (xj, I = 1, n) and dependent variables (yj, j = 1, p) must be established based on the schematic representation of the process (see Fig. 1.1 in Chapter 1). The statistical models will be built based on experimental measurements. However, good models can be developed only if experimental results are obtained and processed from a statistical analysis. The analysis of neural networks processes, which are also statistical models, represents a modern and efficient research techmque based on the experimental measurement of one actual process. 

Those agents showing significant in vivo activity are presented to the NCI Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) Decision Network Committee (DNC), and, if approved by the DNC, the agent is entered into preclinical and clinical development. The Decision Network Process divides the preclinical drug development process into stages, as described below. 

Neural network Process Neural network Process... 

One commercially available sensor array analysis system, offered by Mosaic Industries [51], is Rhino , a microprocessor-based instrument with an array composed of discrete, resistive gas sensors. An artificial neural network processes sensor inputs and relates them to patterns established by training the instrument with gas components and mixtures of interest for a specific application. In principle, each system is customized for an application by the choice of sensors and the gas detection needs. Potential applications for this system are limited by the availability of suitable sensors and the complexity needed for discrimination. 

The process whereby dogs recognize and respond to odors is still not very well understood, and current research in this area is attempting to quantify such responses and improve the reliability of this already remarkable detection system [68,82], While it may eventually be possible to combine chemical sensors, readout devices, and neural network processing schemes to create an electro-optic dog that will reduce or eliminate the variability of the natural system, we have a long way to go before this can be accomplished. 

Next we will look at another property of the closed queueing network process N(t), / a 0) that will help us to efficiently compute the production capacity of the flexible machining system. Denote by a vector that is aU zeroes except for a one in position i. Let be the nth time epoch at which an arrival occurs at service center i. We are interested in... 

Liu, K.F., Lai, J.H., 2009. Decision-support for environmental impact assessment a hybrid approach using fuzzy logic and fuzzy analytic network process. Expert Systems with Applications 36 (3), 5119—5136. 

Table 3. Input value of network processed by fuzzy normalization.

Multi-attribute utility models Analytic network process Data envelopment analysis In product development, the data that is available for decision making is often imprecise and fuzzy. MCDM models, however, often cannot effectively support decision making based on such imprecise information. To resolve this difficulty, fuzzy MADM methods are developed (Rao 2007). Fuzzy logic is a branch of mathematics that allows a computer to model the real world the same way that people do. It provides a simple way to reason with vague, ambiguous, and imprecise input or knowledge (Kahraman 2008). 

F. Angerosa, L. Di Giacinto, R. Wo, S. Cumitini, Sensory evaluation of virgin olive oils by artificial neural network processing of dynamic head-space gas chromatographic data. J. Sd. Food Agric. 72,323-328 (1996)... 

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