Nerve growth factor cholinergic neurones

Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and medial septum selectively express the low affinity (p75) receptor for nerve growth factor which allows them... 

Backman, C., Rose, G.M., Hoffcr, B.J., Henry, M.A., Bartus, R.T., Friden, P., and Granholm, A.-C. (1996) Systemic administration of a nerve growth factor conjugate reverses age-related cognitive dysfunction and prevents cholinergic neuron atrophy./. Neurosci. 16, 5437. 

Tuszynski, M.H. and Blesch, A., Nerve growth factor from animal models of cholinergic neuronal degeneration to gene therapy in Alzheimer s disease, Prog. Brain. Res., 146, 441, 2004. 

Another conceivable therapeutic approach for Alzheimer s disease could be based on the administration of neurotrophic factors. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a 118 amino acid polypeptide with no blood-brain barrier penetrance. Other substances with neurotrophic activity such as epidermal growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, gangliosides, and the (11-28 peptide of the b-amyloid protein might also have a therapeutic potential. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of NGF has been shown to partially reverse lesion-induced deficits of cortical AChE and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) activities to promote survival of septal cholinergic neurons after fimbrial transection in adult rats and to reverse behavioral deterioration in rats with such lesions. 

Nerve growth factor (NGF) (Levi-Montalcini and Angeletti, 1968), is a well established trophic factor for the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (Hefti, 1986 Williams et al., 1986). Moreover, in aged rodents and primates that have been demonstrated to be deficient in cortical ACh signaling, NGF has been shown both to increase ACh synthesis and improve memory deficits (Haroutunian... 

Fischer, W. et al. (1987). Amelioration of cholinergic neuron atrophy and spatial memory impairment in aged rats by nerve growth factor. Nature 329(6134), 65-68. 

Hefti, F. (1986). Nerve growth factor promotes survival of septal cholinergic neurons after fimbrial transactions. J. Neurosci. 6(8), 2155-2162. 

Mandel, R. J. et al. (1999b). Nerve growth factor expressed in the medial septum following in vivo gene delivery using a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector protects cholinergic neurons from fimbria-fornix lesion-induced degeneration. Exp. Neurol. 155 (1), 59-64. 

Tuszynski, M. H. et al. (1991). Recombinant human nerve growth factor infusions prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration in the adult primate brain. Ann. Neurol. 30(5), 625-636. 

BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor is a member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain, BDNF has a trophic action on retinal, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and in the peripheral nervous system it acts on both motor and sensory neurons. (From Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994). 

Hagg, T., Fass, H. B., Vahlsing, H. L., Manthorpe, M., Conner, J. M., and Varon, S., Nerve growth factor (NGF) reverses axotomy-induced decreases in choline acetyl-transferase, NGF receptor and size of medial septum cholinergic neurons, Brain Res., 505,29, 1989. 

Fusco, M., Oderfeld, N. B., Vantini, G., Schiavo, N., Gradkowska, M., Zaremba, M., and Leon, A., Nerve growth factor affects uninjured, adult rat septohippocampal cholinergic neurons, Neuroscience, 33, 47, 1989. 

Wilcox, B. J., Applegate, M. D., Portera-Cailliau, C., and Koliatsos, V. E., Nerve growth factor prevents apoptotic cell death in injured central cholinergic neurons, J. Comp. Neurol., 359, 573, 1995. 

Montero, C. N. and Hefti, F., Rescue of lesioned septal cholinergic neurons by nerve growth factor specificity and requirement for chronic treatment, J. Neurosci., 8,2986, 1988. 

Tuszynski, M. H., U, H. S., Amaral, D. G., and Gage, F. H., Nerve growth factor infusion in the primate brain reduces lesion-induced cholinergic neuronal degeneration, J. Neurosci., 10, 3604, 1990. 

Koliatsos, V. E., Nauta, H. J., Clatterbuck, R. E., Holtzman, D. M., Mobley, W. C., and Price, D. L., Mouse nerve growth factor prevents degeneration of axotomized basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the monkey, J. Neurosci., 10, 3801, 1990. 

Winn, S. R., Hammang, J. P., Emerich, D. F., Lee, A., Palmiter, R. D., and Baetge, E. E., Polymer-encapsulated cells genetically modified to secrete human nerve growth factor promote the survival of axotomized septal cholinergic neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91, 2324, 1994. 

Williams, L. R., Inouye, G., Cummins, V., and Pelleymounter, M. A., Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor sustains axotomized basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in vivo dose-response comparison to nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Then, 277, 1140, 1996. 

Grothe, C., Otto, D., andUnsicker, K., Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes in vitro survival and cholinergic development of rat septal neurons comparison with the effects of nerve growth factor, Neuroscience, 31, 649, 1989. 

Neurotrophins mediate acetylcholine release from cholinergic neurons (Huh et al., 2008). Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) is a member of the nerve growth factor family (neurotrophins) that contributes to both pre- and postnatal brain development. BDNF supports the neuronal survival, maintains neuronal activity and plasticity, modulates neurotransmitter release and mediates long-term potentiation... 

Huh CYL, Danik M, Manseau F, Trudeau L-E, WiUiams S (2008) Chronic exposure to nerve growth factor increases acetylcholine and glutamate release from cholinergic neurons of the rat medial septum and diagonal band of Broca via Mechanisms mediated by p75 . 1 Neurosci 28 1404-1409. 

Ernfors, P., Ebendal, T., Olson, L., Mouton, P., Stromberg, I. and Persson, H. (1989) A cell line producing recombinant nerve growth factor evokes growth response in intrinsic and grafted central cholinergic neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 4756 760. 

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