Nerve conduction velocities

MCV has also been found to be reduced in children exposed to elevated levels of pb, although this relationship has been challenged by some (see Posner et al. for discussion). 

---

ALA, ALA-D = aminolevulinic acid dehydrase NCV = nerve conduction velocity... 

The clinical neuroscience community was quick to pick up on the importance of this discovery and Barker s Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) was soon widely used to measure nerve conduction velocities in clinical and surgical settings. However, it is not in the clinical domain that magnetic stimulation provides the most excitement magnetic stimulation is a tool with which to discover new facts about brain function and it has already delivered in many areas. 

Subcllnlcal effects clinical laboratory test alteration (liver function, nerve conduction velocity), mutagenicity testing, cytogenetic testing Requires estimation of eventual likelihood of clinical disease predicted by subcllnlcal abnormalities ... 

Inhibitors of AR have been demonstrated to prevent a wide variety of biochemical, functional and structural alterations in animal models of diabetes. Early studies demonstrated arrest of both early cataract development and nerve conduction velocity. At least 30 clinical trials of AR inhibitors have been published involving nearly 1000 patients in total. However, there is little impressive data of their efficacy up to now but, rather than undermine the hypothesis linking excess polyol pathway activity to diabetic complications, it may reflect methodological difficulties and trial design errors. 

The intermediate-duration effects of hydrogen sulfide on neurological function were examined by the measurement of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities of the tail nerve or morphology of the sciatic nerve (Gagnaire et al. 1986). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0 or 50 ppm hydrogen sulfide for 5 days a week, for 25 weeks. The study authors did not report the duration of exposure to hydrogen sulfide per day. No neurotoxic effects were observed in the rats. 

NS (occup) Neurological Peripheral nerve function in adults decreased nerve conduction velocity 30- 70 Araki et al. 1980 Chia et al. 1996 Muijser et al. 1987 Rosen et al. 1983 Seppalainen et al. 1983 Triebig et al. 1984... 

There is suggestive evidence indicating that the changes in NCV associated with lead exposure may be transient. Muijser et al. (1987) investigated the effects of a 5-month exposure to lead during the demolition of a steel structure coated with lead-based paints. The motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were measured in the median and ulnar nerves of eight exposed workers and compared with unexposed referents as well as themselves at 3 and 15 months after the termination of exposure. The mean PbB levels in the exposed workers were 82.5 18.9 pg/dL at the termination of exposure,... 

Anderson RJ. 1987. Peripheral nerve conduction velocities and excitability. In Lowndes HE, ed. Electrophysiology in neurotoxicology, Vol. 11. Piscataway, NJ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers 51-69. 

Araki S, Honma T, Yanagihara S, et al. 1980. Recovery of slowed nerve conduction velocity in lead-exposed workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 46 151-157. 

Davis JM, Svendsgaard DJ. 1990. Nerve conduction velocity and lead A critical review and meta-analysis. In Johnson BL, et al., eds. Advances in neurobehavioral toxicology. Chelsea, MI ... 

Teramoto K, Wakitani F, Horiguchi S, et al. 1993. Comparison of the neurotoxicity of several chemicals estimated by the peripheral nerve conduction velocity in rats. Environ Res 62 148-154. 

Triebig G, Weitle D, Valentin H. 1984. Investigations on neurotoxicity of chemical substances at the workplace V. Determination of the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity in persons occupationally exposed to lead. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 53 189-204. 

Yokoyama K, Araki S. 1986. Alterations in peripheral nerve conduction velocity in low and high lead exposure An animal study. Ind Health 24 67-74. 

Chronic exposure to Pb has been shown to cause anaemia, neurotoxic effects, such as reduced cognitive performance and reduced peripheral nerve conduction velocity, and nephrotoxicity. Children are more sensitive to exposure to Pb than adults, especially during the first 2 years of life [41], For children, exposure to lead can cause growth retardation, affect the neuropsychological development and cause encephalopathy [39]. Adverse reproductive effects due to lead exposure have been observed for both men and women. Exposure of pregnant women to low concentrations of lead is associated with miscarriages and low birth weights [40],... 

Familial demyelinative/dysmyelinative and axonal neuropathies may also be caused by impaired lysosomal lipid metabolism. Metachromatic leukodystrophy (sulfatide lipidosis) results from mutations of the arylsulfatase A gene, which encodes a lysosomal enzyme required for sulfatide turnover. Myelin is affected in both CNS and PNS, though dysfunction is restricted to the PNS in some patients, and the onset of symptoms can occur at any time between infancy and adulthood. Bone marrow transplantation can slow disease progression and improve nerve conduction velocities [57]. (See in Ch. 41.)... 

Endocr = endocrine F = female Gastro = gastrointestinal Gd = gestational day Hemato = hematological hr = hour(s) LOAEL = lowest-observed-adverse-effect level M = male Metab = metabolic MCV = motor nerve conduction velocity mo = month(s) Musc/skel = musculoskeletal NOAEL = no-observed-adverse-effect level Resp = respiratory wk = week(s) yr = year(s)... 

A decrease in the amplitude of the sensory nerve action potential has also been observed in a group of 20 asymptomatic workers exposed to -hexanc (Pastore et al. 1994). The subjects of this study were selected on the basis of urinary levels of the n-hexane metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (See Sections 2.3 and 2.7) exceeding 5 mg/L and compared to a group of unexposed laboratory workers. Mean years worked was 8.13 (range, 1.5—23 years). Sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities and distal latencies were normal in all nerves tested. However, significant decreases were found in sensory nerve action potential amplitude in the median, sural, and ulnar nerves. Neither the level of 2,5-hexanedione in urine nor age correlated with the changes in amplitude however, there was a significant correlation between years worked and amplitude. 

The effect of -hexane exposure on nerve conduction velocity was investigated in male Wistar rats exposed to ft-hexane at 0, 500, 1,200, or 3,000 ppm 12 hours a day for 16 weeks (Huang et al. 1989). From week 12, a marked decrease in grip strength and slowness of action were observed in the... 

---