Anaemia causes

Macrocytic anaemia is defined as one in which the red blood cells are larger than normal. Megaloblastic anaemia is the most common cause of macrocytic anaemia, caused by a deficiency of either vitamin B12 or fohc acid (or both). Deficiency in folate and/or vitamin B12 may result from either inadequate intake or malabsorption. Pernicious anaemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, which is required to absorb vitamin B12 from food (see below). 

The use of sapa became associated with adverse effects on health, and it became known that wine to which it had been added would induce abortions, for example. For this reason prostitutes used it and at the same time acquired a pale complexion as a result of anaemia caused by... 

Circulatory parameters The determination of circulatory parameters allows a rough calculation of the amount of blood already lost as well as optimizing the subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Loss of more than 800-900 ml blood (or less in older patients and in cases of anaemia) causes circulatory symptoms tachycardia, fall in blood pressure, decrease in both cardiac output and venous return to the heart. A central venous pressure (CVP) of < 5 cm H2O suggests an unfavourable prognosis. The Allgoewer-Burri index has proved to be a useful, objective parameter ... 

Ramselaar AC, Dekker AW, Huber-Bruning O, Bijlsma JW. Acquired sideroblastic anaemia after aplastic anaemia caused by D-penicillamine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1987 46(2) 156-8. 

The vitamin has also been routinely prescribed in cases of threatened abortion, thyroxidosis, achlorhydia, diarrhoea, prickly heat, rheumatic fever, rheumatic arthritis, and in cases of spinal injury to reduce urine acidity. The physiological basis of these therapeutic applications is not entirely clear except in the cases of achlorhydia and diarrhoea where there is a risk of anaemia caused by a reduction in the intestinal absorption of non-haem iron which is enhanced by vitamin C. 

Petrie JJB, Row PG. 1977. Dialysis anaemia caused by subacute zinc toxicity. Lancet i 1178-1180. 

Anaemia caused by captopril and enalapril has been seen in kidney transplant patients and in dialysis patients (see ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor antagonists + Epoetin , p.25). The evidence that this effect can be potentiated by azathioprine is limited, but it would be prudent to monitor well if these drugs are used together. 

Depression in growth and anaemia caused by excessive doses of menadione (vitamin K) have been reported. 

Pernicious anaemia. It is a type of anaemia caused by failure of the stomach to absorb vitamin B12 and is characterized by abnormally large red blood cells, gastrointestinal disturbances, and lesion of the spinal cord. 

Marinaki AM, Escuaredo E, Duley JA, Simmonds HA, Amici A, Napponelli V, Mag-ni G, Seip M, Ben Bassat I, Harley EH, Thain SL, Rees DC. Genetic basis of haemolytic anaemia caused by pyrimidine 5 nucleotidase deficiency. Blood 2001 97 3327-3332... 

Dapper I, Nauwynck M, Selleslag D, Hidajat M, Bourgeois M, Martens P, Wilmer A. Haemolytic anaemia caused by piperacillin-tazobactam. Acta Clin Belg 2009 64(6) 517-9. 

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