Encephalopathies causes

Perl, T.M., et al.. An outbreak of toxic encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid, N. Engl. J. Med., 322, 25, 1775, 1990. 

Mills PB, Surtees RAH, Champion MP, Beesley CE, et al (2005) Neonatal epileptic encephalopathy caused by mutations in the PNPO gene encoding pyridox(am)ine 5 -phosphate oxidase. Hum Mol Genet 14 1077-1086... 

Events or structures occurring proximal to the synapse. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy is an example, together with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Caused by abnormal proteins. 

Primary carnitine deficiency is caused by a deficiency in the plasma-membrane carnitine transporter. Intracellular carnitine deficiency impairs the entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. Consequently, long-chain fatty acids are not available for p oxidation and energy production, and the production of ketone bodies (which are used by the brain) is also impaired. Regulation of intramitochondrial free CoA is also affected, with accumulation of acyl-CoA esters in the mitochondria. This in turn affects the pathways of intermediary metabolism that require CoA, for example the TCA cycle, pyruvate oxidation, amino acid metabolism, and mitochondrial and peroxisomal -oxidation. Cardiac muscle is affected by progressive cardiomyopathy (the most common form of presentation), the CNS is affected by encephalopathy caused by hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, and skeletal muscle is affected by myopathy. 

Teepker M, Hamer HM, Knake S, Bandmann O, Oertel WH, Rosenow F. Myoclonic encephalopathy caused by chronic bismuth abuse. Epileptic Disord 2002 4(4) 229-33. 

Vincent JP, Dervanian P, Bodak A. Encephalopathie sous cefotaxime. Une observation chez un sujet age insuffisant renal. [Encephalopathy caused by cefotaxime. A case in an aged patient with renal failure.] Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1989 140(4) 322. 

Cases of Wernicke s encephalopathy caused by thiamine deficiency during parenteral nutrition are reported (21). 

A. Assessment. Agitation, delirium, or psychosis may be caused by a variety of drugs and toxins (Table 1-14). In addition, such symptoms may result from a functional thought disorder or metabolic encephalopathy caused by medical... 

Lead is transported in the blood and can cross the placental barrier in pregnant women and affect the unborn child. Abortion was common in women employed in lead industries during the nineteenth century and was believed to be due to excessive lead absorption. The brain can also be affected, a condition known as encephalopathy, causing abnormal behaviour, convulsions, coma and death. Children are much more susceptible than adults. 

Encephalopathy. Encephalopathy refers to a disease resulting in brain dysfunction. It can have various etiologies. It can be relatively reversible (Wernicke s encephalopathy) or irreversible (spongiform encephalopathies caused by prions). 

Mills, P.B., Surtees, R.A., Champion, M.P., Beesley, C.E., Dalton, N., Scambler, P.J., Heales, S.J., Briddon, A., Scheimberg, L, Hoffmann, G.F., Zschocke, J., and Clayton, P.T., 2005. Neonatal epileptic encephalopathy caused by mutations in the PNPO gene encoding pyridox(am)ine 5 -phos-phate oxidase. Human Molecular Genetics. 14 1077 1086. 

Wernicke s Encephalopathy caused by Thiamine (Vitamin Bi) Deficiency... 

Law and Nelson (1968) have reported the case of an adult woman who developed encephalopathy, causing mainly psychological disturbances, after eight months gasoline sniffing. The most important signs were impairment of memory, nervousness, anorexia, suspiciousness, irritability, hallucinations, an unstable level of attention, and a reduced level of abstraction. 

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