Neroli, oil

Orange Flower (Neroli) Oil. "The rose we call the queen of flowers, the jasmin the fairest and prettiest princess, but the orange flower is the most fragile and dainty of out royal family of flowers. If the rose stirs our memories, the jasmin our hopes, the orange flower stirs sentiments—sentiments most romantic " (14). Commercial neroh oil [8016-38 J is obtained by steam distillation of the freshly picked blossoms of the bitter orange Citrus aurantium L. subspecies amara, which is cultivated in Mediterranean countries as well as in Haiti and several other tropical countries. More than 125 components have been identified in the oil the principal ones are shown in Table 4 and Figure 1. 

Mondello et al. (54) have developed some applications of on-line HPLC-HRGC and HPLC-HRGC/MS in the analysis of citrus essential oils. In particular, they used LC-GC to determine the enantiomeric ratios of monoterpene alcohols in lemon, mandarin, bitter orange and sweet orange oils. LC-GC/MS was used to study the composition of the most common citrus peel, citrus leaf (petitgrain) and flower (neroli) oils. The oils were separated into two fractions, i.e. mono- and sesquiterpene... 

Figure 10.11 Comparison of the mass spectra of a neroli oil peak (camphene) obtained by HPLC-HRGC-MS (a) and GC-MS (b) with a library specti um of the same compound (c). Reprinted from Perfumer and Flavorist, 21, L. Mondello et al., On-line HPLC- HRGC in the analytical chemistiy of citms essential oils , pp. 25-49, 1996, with permission from Allured Publishing Coip.

The neroli oil indusirv is also bhng well developed iu Malaga. 

Phenyl-ethyl alcohol, CgH. CHj. CHjOH, is the next highest homologue of the benzyl alcohol series. It is found naturally in rose -and neroli oils but as it is very soluble in water, it practically disappears from the distilled otto of rose and is dissolved in the rose water. Hence otto of rose with its beautiful perfume does not truly represent the odour of the rose. By the use of various isolated and synthetic bodies an artificial otto can be prepared which more closely resembles the rose odour than does the natural otto itself. But it is doubtful whether any really good artificial otto of rose can be prepared without some natural otto as its basis. 

Methyl Anthranilate.—This ester is one of extreme importance, and to it is largely due the possibility of manufacturing artificial neroli oils. It was discovered as a constituent of neroli oil in 1895 by Walbaum, and has since been identified in numerous other flower oils, such as tuberose, ylang-ylang, jasmin, and gardenia. Its value in synthetic perfumery is therefore obvious. Its constitution is that of a methyl ester or orthp-amido-benzoic acid, of the formula here shown —... 

Heliotropin melts at 37°, but its perfume is injured by exposure to a temperature several degrees below this, and it should always be stored in cool dark places. In very hot weather the stock may with advantage be kept dissolved in alcohol, ready for use. Its perfume is a powerful heliotrope odour, and is improved by blending it with a little coumarin or vanillin, or with bergamot, lemon, or neroli oil. Attention should be drawn to the fact that the fancy perfumes whose names resemble heliotrope are usually mixtures of heliotropin—the cheaper ones being chiefly acetanilide, the more expensive ones containing vanillin or coumarin. 

Jasmone, CjjHjgO, is a ketone found in essential oil of jasmin, and also in neroli oil. It is a dark-coloured liquid with a powerful jasmin odour, and having the following characters —... 

Benzyl cyanide, C Hj. CH.,CN, or phenyl-aceto-nitrile, is a constituent of cress oil, and probably of neroli oil. It is a strong smelling liquid boiling at 231 5°, and having a specific gravity 1 0146 at 18°. On boiling with alcoholic potash it yields phenyl-acetic acid, which can be identified by its melting-point, 77°, and by the analysis of its silver salt. 

Indol, CgH N, is the mother substance of the indigo group of compounds. It exists in various essential oils including neroli oil and oil of jasmin flowers. It is a crystalline compound, melting at 52° and boiling at 253° to 254°. Its odour is powerful and disagreeable, being distinctly faecal in character. Its constitution is as follows —... 

This acid, CgHj. CH COOH, is a sweet-smelling substance, especially recommended for sweetening soap perfumes. It occurs in neroli oil, and has a sweet honey-like odour. It is formed by converting toluene into benzyl chloride which is converted into benzyl cyanide, which is digested with dilute sulphuric acid, and so converted into phenyl-acetic acid. It is a crystalline body, melting at 76° to 76 5° and Iwiling at 266°. It has been isolated from oil of neroli. 

Tartaric acid shizardra, chimnsis, tamarindus Neroli diol Neroli oil... 

Consider a quaternary liquid mixture, neroli oil, geraniol, citronellol and solvent, having different volatilities. Neroli oil represents a top note, citronellol and geraniol are body notes. The solvent is ethanol diluted with water to the required concentration. Let us consider this mixture as a base perfume to which musk ketone (4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitroacetophenone) is added as an end note or fixative. 

Oils isolated from other parts of citrus plants (blossoms and leaves) are not classified as citrus oils because the former show marked differences in composition and organoleptic properties, they are described in other sections (see Neroli Oil, and Petitgrain Oils). 

Neroli oil and orange flower absolute are obtained from the blossoms of the bitter... 

After separation of neroli oil, the aqueous layer of the steam distillate, known as orange blossom water, is extracted with suitable solvents (e.g., petroleum ether). Evaporation gives orange flower water absolute (absolue de Teau de fleurs d oranger), which is a dark brown-red liquid. It contains less terpene hydrocarbons and correspondingly more polar compounds than neroli oil. 

The main volatile constituent of all three products is linalool (in neroli oil 28-44%). Their typical flavor is created by a number of nitrogen-containing trace constituents, such as indole and derivatives of anthranilic acid [428, 643, 644]. 

Neroli oil and the related products are some of the most expensive natural raw materials and are produced only in small quantities (a few tons per year). They are used in fine fragrances neroli oil, for example, is one of the classical components of eau de cologne. FCT 1976 (14) p. 813, 1982 (20) p. 785 [8016-38-4], [89957-91-5]. 

Nerolidol is isomeric with farnesol and is found in neroli oil and many other oils. Its E isomer 72 is more frequently found in nature than its Z isomer 73 (Structure 4.19). 

Nerolidol and Famesol. The alcohols nerolidol [7212-44-4] (96) and famesol [4602-84-0] (97) are isomeric and are both importantperfumery products. Nerolidol has been isolated from neroli oil, jasmine, citronella oil, and pepper oil. It has a mild and woody-floral, slightly green odor with excellent tenacity and good blending and fixative properties (190). 

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