Neroli

C10H13O. B.p. 225-226"C. A terpenic alcohol and a constituent of neroli, petit-grain and bergamot, and of many other essential oils. Nerol has a blander smell than its isomer, geraniol, and is more valuable as a constituent of perfumes. 

Orange Flower (Neroli) Oil. "The rose we call the queen of flowers, the jasmin the fairest and prettiest princess, but the orange flower is the most fragile and dainty of out royal family of flowers. If the rose stirs our memories, the jasmin our hopes, the orange flower stirs sentiments—sentiments most romantic " (14). Commercial neroh oil [8016-38 J is obtained by steam distillation of the freshly picked blossoms of the bitter orange Citrus aurantium L. subspecies amara, which is cultivated in Mediterranean countries as well as in Haiti and several other tropical countries. More than 125 components have been identified in the oil the principal ones are shown in Table 4 and Figure 1. 

Determination of the enantiomeric distribution of a-pinene, /3-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol and nerolidol in neroli and petitgrain oils... 

Mondello et al. (54) have developed some applications of on-line HPLC-HRGC and HPLC-HRGC/MS in the analysis of citrus essential oils. In particular, they used LC-GC to determine the enantiomeric ratios of monoterpene alcohols in lemon, mandarin, bitter orange and sweet orange oils. LC-GC/MS was used to study the composition of the most common citrus peel, citrus leaf (petitgrain) and flower (neroli) oils. The oils were separated into two fractions, i.e. mono- and sesquiterpene... 

Figure 10.11 Comparison of the mass spectra of a neroli oil peak (camphene) obtained by HPLC-HRGC-MS (a) and GC-MS (b) with a library specti um of the same compound (c). Reprinted from Perfumer and Flavorist, 21, L. Mondello et al., On-line HPLC- HRGC in the analytical chemistiy of citms essential oils , pp. 25-49, 1996, with permission from Allured Publishing Coip.

D. Jukelka, A. Steil, K. Witt and A. Mosandl, Chiral compounds of essential oils. XX. Cliirality evaluation and authenticity profiles of neroli and petitgrain oils , ]. Essential Oil Res. 8 487-497 (1996). 

The neroli oil indusirv is also bhng well developed iu Malaga. 

Phenyl-ethyl alcohol, CgH. CHj. CHjOH, is the next highest homologue of the benzyl alcohol series. It is found naturally in rose -and neroli oils but as it is very soluble in water, it practically disappears from the distilled otto of rose and is dissolved in the rose water. Hence otto of rose with its beautiful perfume does not truly represent the odour of the rose. By the use of various isolated and synthetic bodies an artificial otto can be prepared which more closely resembles the rose odour than does the natural otto itself. But it is doubtful whether any really good artificial otto of rose can be prepared without some natural otto as its basis. 

Methyl Anthranilate.—This ester is one of extreme importance, and to it is largely due the possibility of manufacturing artificial neroli oils. It was discovered as a constituent of neroli oil in 1895 by Walbaum, and has since been identified in numerous other flower oils, such as tuberose, ylang-ylang, jasmin, and gardenia. Its value in synthetic perfumery is therefore obvious. Its constitution is that of a methyl ester or orthp-amido-benzoic acid, of the formula here shown —... 

The esters belonging to the geraniol series of alcohols are absolutely indispensable in the manufacture of artificial perfumes. When it is remembered that these esters are present in such oils as bergamot, rose, geranium, lavender, petit-grain, neroli, and numerous other sweetsmelling essential oils, it will readily be seen how useful they are in building up similar perfumes artificially. 

Heliotropin melts at 37°, but its perfume is injured by exposure to a temperature several degrees below this, and it should always be stored in cool dark places. In very hot weather the stock may with advantage be kept dissolved in alcohol, ready for use. Its perfume is a powerful heliotrope odour, and is improved by blending it with a little coumarin or vanillin, or with bergamot, lemon, or neroli oil. Attention should be drawn to the fact that the fancy perfumes whose names resemble heliotrope are usually mixtures of heliotropin—the cheaper ones being chiefly acetanilide, the more expensive ones containing vanillin or coumarin. 

Jasmone, CjjHjgO, is a ketone found in essential oil of jasmin, and also in neroli oil. It is a dark-coloured liquid with a powerful jasmin odour, and having the following characters —... 

This substance is an artificial perfume having a neroli-like odour, and was introduced into commerce under the name yara-yara, and is also known as nerolin. It is a crystalline compound melting at 72° and boiling at 274°. Its constitution is—... 

Benzyl cyanide, C Hj. CH.,CN, or phenyl-aceto-nitrile, is a constituent of cress oil, and probably of neroli oil. It is a strong smelling liquid boiling at 231 5°, and having a specific gravity 1 0146 at 18°. On boiling with alcoholic potash it yields phenyl-acetic acid, which can be identified by its melting-point, 77°, and by the analysis of its silver salt. 

Indol, CgH N, is the mother substance of the indigo group of compounds. It exists in various essential oils including neroli oil and oil of jasmin flowers. It is a crystalline compound, melting at 52° and boiling at 253° to 254°. Its odour is powerful and disagreeable, being distinctly faecal in character. Its constitution is as follows —... 

This acid, CgHj. CH COOH, is a sweet-smelling substance, especially recommended for sweetening soap perfumes. It occurs in neroli oil, and has a sweet honey-like odour. It is formed by converting toluene into benzyl chloride which is converted into benzyl cyanide, which is digested with dilute sulphuric acid, and so converted into phenyl-acetic acid. It is a crystalline body, melting at 76° to 76 5° and Iwiling at 266°. It has been isolated from oil of neroli. 

Anthranilic acid, or o-amidobenzoic acid, C H (NH2)(COOH),. is the-acid constituent of the ester found in neroli, petit-grain, jasmin, and mandarin oils. It is a solid crystalline substance melting at 145°. It is prepared artificially, and then converted into synthetic methyl anthranilate.. To prepare anthranilic acid, o-nitrobenzaldehyde is reduced by tin and hydrochloric acid to anthranil,... 

Tartaric acid shizardra, chimnsis, tamarindus Neroli diol Neroli oil... 

Consider a quaternary liquid mixture, neroli oil, geraniol, citronellol and solvent, having different volatilities. Neroli oil represents a top note, citronellol and geraniol are body notes. The solvent is ethanol diluted with water to the required concentration. Let us consider this mixture as a base perfume to which musk ketone (4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitroacetophenone) is added as an end note or fixative. 

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