Neocortex monkey

Huntley, G. W., Rogers, S. W Moran, T Janssen, W., Archin, N., Vickers, J. C et al. (1993) Selective distribution of kainate receptor subunit immunoreactivity in monkey neocortex revealed by a monoclonal antibody that recognizes glutamate receptor subunits GluR5/6/7../. Neurosci. 13, 2965-2981. 

Wang X. S., Ong W. Y., and Connor J. R. (2001). A light and electron microscopic study of the iron transporter protein DMT-1 in the monkey cerebral neocortex and hippocampus. J. Neurocytol. 30 353-360. 

We provided additional confirmation for the neuronal phenotype of the NeuN+/BrdU+ cells. We found that the NeuN+/BrdU+ cells coexpressed GAD, a marker of GABAergic neurons as well as region-specific neuronal transcription factors (Tonchev et al. 2005). In the sham-operated monkeys, rare BrdU+/NeuN+ cells were observed only in striatum and neocortex of the day-44 brains (Table 10). 

Kornack DR, Rakic P (1999) Continuation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult macaque monkey. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 5768-5773 Kornack DR, Rakic P (2001a) The generation, migration, and differentiation of olfactory neurons in the adult primate brain. Proc Nad Acad Sci USA 98 4752-4757 Kornack DR, Rakic P (2001b) Cell proliferation without neurogenesis in adult primate neocortex. Science 294 2127-2130... 

Tonchev AB, Yamashima T, Sawamoto K, Okano H (2005) Enhanced proliferation of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and limited neuronal production in the striatum and neocortex of adult macaque monkeys after global cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 81 776-788... 

A bilaminar pattern of the Di receptor binding was described in the human and monkey neocortex, with the highest labeling in the supragranular layers I, II and Ilia and the infragranular layers V and VI (Lidow et al., 1991 Huntley et al., 1992). The differential laminar distribution of Di receptors as compared to the D2 receptors suggests that the two receptor subtypes subserve different functions in the cerebral cortex. 

Rakic P (1971) Guidance of neurons migrating to the fetal monkey neocortex. Brain Res 33 471-476. 

Another example of an experiment showing the sizes of the physiologically defined minicolumns is the nerve regeneration study carried out by Kaas et al. (1981). These experimenters made an initial electrode penetration of the somatic sensory hand area in a monkey s neocortex in a direction more or less parallel to the surface of the cortex and showed that over a considerable distance the same modality type is observed. They then sectioned the median nerve and allowed time for the nerve to regenerate and re-innervate of the skin. The recording experiment was then... 

In addition to vertical bundles of myelinated axons, the cerebral cortex of monkeys (e.g., DeFelipe et al., 1990) and of humans (e.g., del Rio and DeFelipe, 1995) also contains vertically oriented bundles of unmyelinated axons that are referred to as horsetails. These horsetails are the axonal plexuses of the inhibitory double bouquet cells and can be demonstrated in monkey neocortex by immunolabeling with antibodies to calbindin and tachykinin. As shown by DeFelipe et al. (1990), in the monkey these axonal bundles are widespread and form a regular columnar system descending from layer 2 to layers 3-5. The bundles are most evident in tangential sections taken at the level of layer 3, where they can be seen to have a center-to-center spacing of 15-30 fim. In a later study of the calbindin labeled double bouquet cells in monkey striate cortex, Peters and Sethares (1997) showed that there is one double bouquet cell, and therefore one vertically oriented double bouquet cell axonal plexus, or horsetail, per pyramidal cell module (Fig. 7). Within layer 2/3 the double bouquet axons run alongside the apical dendritic clusters, while in layer 4C they are closely associated with the vertical myelinated axonal bundles. DeFelipe et al. (1989 1990) proposed that the axon terminals of the double bouquet cell synapse with the shafts and spines of basal dendrites and oblique shafts of apical dendrites of pyramidal cells, but the exact role of these vertical bundles of inhibitory axons is not known. It is likely that they constitute a vertical inhibitory system that acts upon pyramidal cells within the minicolumns. 

There are several sites where olfactory discrimination and cognition could arise as virtually all of the primary olfactory regions are cortical structures including the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory cortex, piriform cortex and entorhinal cortex. In addition, olfactory information is routed to the neocortex via the thalamus (Fig. 19). Physiological studies in monkeys suggest that some degree of odor discrimination may take place in... 

Rakic, P. 1972. Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 145, 61-84. 

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