Sham-operated

FIGURE 1. Effects of amphetamine, scopolamine, caffeine, and saline on locomotor activity in rats with 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens or sham-operated controls (n=8 rats/group)... 

NOTE A. The significant difference between sham-operated rats and those with 6-OHDA lesions... 

This step is similar to what we have done in equation (7-7) where we obtained the matrix representation of the Kohn-Sham operator. If we insert expression (7-14) for the charge density in terms of the LCAO functions and make use of the density matrix P defined in equation (7-15), we arrive at... 

We may ask now, whether the same procedure may be applied to density-functional theory, just by replacing the Fock operator by the corresponding Kohn-Sham operator. To this end we have to look at the minimization of the total energy with respect to the density of a multi-determinantal wavefunction 4. We write the density as ... 

In a separate study on the effects of captopril on rats after myocardial infarction, Davis et al. [169] identified 37 genes that were seen to change between myocardial infarct and sham operated rats. 10 of these gene changes were inhibited by captopril treatment. The 37 genes clustered into 11 functional groups, of which 6 included at least one of the 10 genes inhibited by captopril. 

Natural steric analysis57 allows quantitative evaluation of steric repulsion on the basis of this simple physical picture. Given the converged Fock (or Kohn-Sham) operator F, we can evaluate the average energy of each occupied NBO f2/NI 0) and the associated pre-orthogonal PNBO C/PNIi0j in the usual manner,... 

How do CMOs and LMOs differ The CMOs are symmetry-adapted eigenfunctions of the Fock (or Kohn-Sham) operator F, necessarily reflecting all the molecular point-group symmetries of F itself,26 whereas the LMOs often lack... 

A more long-term rabbit model of estrogen deficiency has also been recently described in which adult OVX rabbits (7 months) were treated with the Cat K inhibitor L-006235 (12) at 0,2,10 mg/kg, or ALN (0.125 mg/kg, 3x/wk) for 27 weeks. OVX resulted in an 11.5% vertebral bone loss compared to sham-operated controls. Both the high dose of L-006235 and ALN completely prevented this bone loss, whereas the low dose of L-006235 produced a partial response [19]. 

The experiment design was to compare the calciuric response to arginine infusion in parathyroidectomized (PTX) and sham-operated (control) rats (25). Four experimental groups were used PTX infused with saline or arginine (12 mmol/kg/hour), and sham-operated... 

As anticipated, arginine infusion caused a large (221 percent) increase in calcium excretion in sham-operated animals. Parathyroidectomy had no effect on the calciuric response to arginine uri-ary calcium increases in PTX control and arginine-infused animals were 299 and 302 percent respectively. These results persisted when data were corrected for differences in GFR. The data illustrate that neither PTH activity nor secretion is involved in insulin impairment of renal calcium transport. 

The in vitro study may not use adequate controls (e.g., pH, vehicle used, volume of test agent given, samples taken from sham-operated animals), resulting in artifacts of methods rather than results. 

Young RA, Mehendale HM. 1989. Carbon tetrachloride metabolism in partially hepatectomized and sham-operated rats preexposed to chlordecone (Kepone). J Biochem Toxicol 4(4) 211-219. 

The VNO is extremely important in mediating endocrine responses to primer pheromones. Puberty acceleration in female rats by male urine odors can be prevented by electrolytic damage to the vomeronasal nerve. Also, effects of male urine odor such as shortening of the estrus cycle (see Ch. 8) can be eliminated by section of the vomeronasal nerve, or bilateral electrocoagulation of the accessory olfactory bulb (Sanchez-Criado, 1982). In rats, the odor of males stimulates ovulation in females, an effect that is lost if the VNO is extirpated (Johns etal., 1978). Female prairie voles, M. ochrogaster, respond to odors from males with reproductive activation. Surgical removal of the VNO from adult females impedes this reproductive activation by the stud male. The weights of the uterus and the ovaries of these females were lower than those of normal or sham-operated individuals. However, the females without a VNO were still able to locate food by chemical cues (Lepri and Wysocki, 1987). 

Note that because the E of Eq. (8.14) that we are minimizing is exact, the orbitals / must provide die exact density (i.e., the minimum must correspond to reality). Further note that it is these orbitals that form the Slatcr-dctcrminantal eigenfunction for the separable noninteracting Hamiltonian defined as the sum of the Kohn-Sham operators in Eq. (8.18), i.e.. 

NBO analysis can be used to quantify this phenomenon. Since tire NBOs do not diagonalize the Fock operator (or tire Kohn-Sham operator, if the analysis is carried out for DFT instead of HF), when the Fock matrix is formed in the NBO basis, off-diagonal elements will in general be non-zero. Second-order perturbation tlieory indicates that these off-diagonal elements between filled and empty NBOs can be interpreted as the stabilization energies... 

Klaassen CD. Comparison of the toxicity of chemicals in newborn rats to bile-duct ligated and sham operated rats and mice. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 1974 24 37. 

NA, not available p < 0.05 versus control (day 9 sham operation) p < 0.05 versus postis-chemic day 9 Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney tests... 

Fig. 37A, B Staining for BrdU in dorsal SVZa. A Control monkeys on days 9 and 23 after sham operation. B Postischemic monkeys on various time-points after ischemia. Note the increase of positive cells after ischemia. The position of the visual field within the frontal lobe is schematically depicted as a frame in the map (lower left). F, frontal cortex WM, white matter S, striatum. Asterisk, anterior horn of lateral ventricle. Scale bar = 200 pm...

Fig. 45 A Statistical analysis of the density of BrdU+ cells in SVZa on postischemic day 9. p < 0.001 versus anterior, caudate, and dorsal SVZa p < 0.05 versus caudate and dorsal SVZa one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc. B Proportions of BrdU+ cells retaining presence in SVZa. Densities of BrdU+ cells on day 44 after sham/ischemia were calculated as a percentage of the densities of day 9 after sham/ischemia. p < 0.05 versus respective sham-operated control Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney tests...

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