Naval applications

J. M. Leary, Characteristics of Various Types of Ablative Materials with Associated Naval Applications, Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1983 (a very good reference paper). 

Random vibrations, such as tho.se caused by an earthquake, cause shocks and ground movements and are termed seismic disturbances. Shocks and turbulence caused by a heavy sea, landslides and volcanic eruptions are also examples of shocks that may cause vibrations and result in tremors, not necessarily earthquakes. Nevertheless, they may require design considerations similar to those for an earthquake, depending upon the applieation (e.g. naval applications, hydro projects, dams and bridges). 

Improvements also have been made to the gas turbine for naval applications. An intercooled recuperative (ICR) gas turbine has been designed to improve the fuel consumption of naval power plants. The engine has a recuperator to take the heat that would otherwise be wasted m the exhaust and transfers it to the air entering the combustor. The new engine is expected to save about 30 percent ot the fuel consumed, compared to the simple gas turbine. The ICR engine is, however, larger and more expensive than the simple gas turbine. 

The purpose of work described here is to develop a coating which can be used on naval vessels for touch up purposes while a ship is underway. Radiation curable coatings are of special interest because of the extremely low level of volatile organic compounds emitted during curing. To be useful the coating should be Navy gray and suitable for application to cold surfaces. When used in confined spaces a further limitation is that the application should not produce ozone and for some Naval applications mercury is not... 

Sorathia, U. 2008. Flame retardant materials for maritime and naval applications. In Advances in Flame Retardant Materials, Horrocks, A.R. and Price, D. (Eds.), Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, U.K., Chapter 19. 

Etherington, H., Water Cooled Pile for Naval Application, ORNL-,133,... 

Improved fire safety of composites for naval application Sorathra, RoUhanger. Allen Hughes... 

The main problem of styrene is high emission, which restricts applications in closed compartments (e.g., naval application). Styrene emission is a health hazard (threshold value of 50 ppm). The need to rednce the volatile organic compound (VOC) is not only expressed in government regulations, but also equally and persuasively by various environmental concerns. The evaporation of styrene can be reduced by the addition of waxes or pyrogenic silicic acid with hydrophilic and hydrophobic end groups. However, such additives may affect the interfacial properties of composites made out of polyester resins. Some styrene-less UPE resin formulations using diacrylate monomers have been reported [71]. However, mostly styrene is used as a reactive diluent in UPE resins. 

The thermal diffusion enrichment process was developed by Dr. Philip H. Abelson for naval applications. He was asked to oversee the engineering and operations of a thermal diffusion plant, S-50, at K-25 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, during World War II as a back-up to the other enrichment processes, which were experiencing problems. 

Two sets of specific operation parameters (two potential nnit designs) were identified for an air-independent, low tanperature (<100 °C) naval application ... 

A condenser would likely be required for stealth operation to eliminate the release of water vapor bubbles and to maintain vessel mass and buoyancy. In naval applications, there are large amounts of water available for cooling of the power sources. Fuel storage could be an issue, but would be partly alleviated by the fact... 

The development of a methanol fuel processor with a power equivalent of240kWd for naval applications was described by Satder, from the HDW Company [585]. 

Sorathia, U. Improving the fire performance characteristics of composite materials for naval applications, in Proceedings of the Conference on Fire and Materials, 2005. Interscience Communications, London, 2005, pp. 415-424. 

These cells are used as multicell batteries in naval applications. 

A major cause for the aforementioned drawback is the multitude of technologies that relate to fluid effects. Besides the familiar aerospace and naval applications, those effects are of concern for the civil infrastructure, electronics industry, bioengineering and the adhesives industry-to name a few. It follows that articles are scattered over a multitude of journals and a comprehensive review of source material is, most likely, beyond the capability of a single author. 

Chapter 2 provides a quick summary of materials involved with composite materials associated polymeric resin, reinforced fibers, and composite systems. Much of the discussion is focused on glass, graphite, and carbon fiber reinforcements and a few select resin systems that have been used in aerospace and naval applications. Thus, the material is of practical and immediate relevance to a broad class of problems. 

Schmal, D., Wuiters, C.E., and Barendregt I.P. (1996) Testing of a De Nora polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack of IkW for naval applications. Journal of Power Sources,... 

Flame-retardant polymers are especially important for naval applications, making this an important research area. For example, it has been shown that the phthalonitrile polymers have self-extinguishing properties on exposure to fire and, when used in composites, show superior flame resistance. These types of materials can be tested by the Navy Technology Center for Safety and Survivability, another part of the NRL Chemistry Division. 

In principle, all these reactions may be ran in pure water, but in order to obtain sufficiently high currents, electrolytes with better conductivity (aqueous solutions of KOH or NaOH or seawater [4]) are necessary. The latter is found only in naval applications. 

Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) are an important application in many engineering sectors. In particular, it is useful for radomes, filters and radar communications. Traditional FSSs are constituted by two possible configxuations periodically perforated metallic screens, or arrays of metallic patches printed on dielectric substrates. Aeronautic, military and naval applications are the typical technological fields involved in the FSS developments. 

AlkaUne fuel cells are an older fuel cell technology, first seriously developed and applied in aerospace and naval applications, where cost was not much of a concern and pure fuel and oxidizer were available. For a variety of reasons, development of this technology has almost ceased, but it may be revived in the future if a solution to the disadvantages of the system are found. The basic advantages of the AFC system include the following ... 

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