Civil infrastructure

Civil Infrastructure made to withstand the best predictions of likely Extreme Weather Events and with adequate Durability for their exposure to Worsened Average Conditions (CAN/CSA S478 is the Canadian Standards Association s Guideline for Durability in Buildings ). 

Reduction of GHGs, CFCs and other climate-affecting Pollutants generated in the Delivery of Civil Infrastructure Projects and elsewhere. 

Wei Mon Industry Co. was established in 1987 to manufacturing concrete piping materials as well as contracting major civil infrastructure projects such as water supply pipelines, sewerage systems, and land developments. Since 1996, Wei Mon started to research and develop natural and environmentally-friendly products, including Biodegradable Plastic Products. 

Under MACRS depreciation, different recovery periods are assigned to different kinds of assets, based on a usable life ( class life ) designated by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS). For chemical plants and most other processing equipment, the class life is 10 to 16 years and the recovery period is 7 years. It should be noted, however, that for roads, docks, and other civil infrastructure, a 15-year recovery period is used, so some offsite investments are depreciated on a different schedule from that used for the ISBL investment. 

Mark Lasswell, CH2M HILL president and chief group executive, civil infrastructure, commented After more than tw o years of intensive effort building this facilit>, it was exciting and rewarding to attend the plant s opening. It was particularly timely that we held... 

TNO Building and Construction Research Department Civil Infrastructure... 

A work targeted specifically to civil infrastructure application has reported mechanical data on freeze-thaw tests conducted on isophthalic polyester and vinyl ester pultruded/glass fiber RPs (Chapter 3). Specimens were aged in accordance with ASTM C666 (namely, 40F to OF followed by a hold at OF and a ramp up to 40F followed by a hold) while submerged in 2% sodium chloride and water. Specimens were removed after every 50 cycles and tested in ASTM 3-point flexure mode. The results clearly indicated a reduction in flexure strength and modulus after 300 cycles. 

Juska, T. Dutta, P. Carlson, L. Weitsman, J.(1999). Gap Analysis for Durability of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites in Civil Infrastructure, Thermal Effects, Chapter 5, pp.40-51. 

ISIS-Canada (2006). Durability of fibre reinforced polymers in civil infrastructure. Retrieved February 2008 from http //www.isiscanada.com. 

Karbhari, V. M. and F. Seible (2000). Fiber reinforced composites - Advanced materials for the renewal of civil infrastructure. Applied Composite Materials 7 pp. 95-124. 

Karbhari, V. M., J. W. Chin, D. Hunston, B. Benmokrane, T. Juska, R. Morgan, J. J. Lesko, U. Sorathia and D. Reynaud (2003). Durability gap analysis for fiber-reinforced polymer composites in civil infrastructure. Journal of Composites for Construction 7(3) pp. 238-247. 

As the United States is a developed country, many of the above civil infrastructures have been in service for 50 years or more. Most physical... 

ASCE also estimates the investment need in civil infrastructure is 3 trillion by 2020. 

Renewal of America s civil infrastructure obviously will cost a large sum of money. ASCE s 2005 estimate for the five-year investment need was 1.6 trillion. By 2009 it became 2.2 trillion and by 2013 it is 3 trillion. It becomes obvious the longer we wait because of cost and fimding concerns, the more will it cost later. 

Hollaway, L.C. and Teng, J.G. (2008) Strengthening and Rehabilitation of Civil Infrastructures using Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Compoates, Woodhead Publishing. 

As the range of applications for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials in civil engineering constantly increases, there is more and more concern with regard to their performance in critical environments. The high temperature behavior of composite materials is especially important, as fire is a potentially dangerous scenario that must be considered at the design stage of civil infrastructure. 

The search for a technical fix is misguided for a further important reason. As already noted, many of the casualties of war are not the result of major military strikes. They are the result of factors such as the sectarian violence that results from the breakdown of provisions for law and civil order, the collapse of civil infrastructure and the collapse of medical provision. Thus, sophisticated weaponry may increase the initial intensity of conflicts but is very unlikely to promote beneficial outcomes for many civilians. 

Dynamic Planning and Control of Civil Infrastructure Systems... 

This paper focuses on the tension between the need to push our civil infrastructure systems to higher levels of efficiency and competitiveness and the need to ensure minimum levels of service, reliability, and security, even under critical conditions. To set the scene, some recent history is given, and infrastructure systems are described in terms of their performance, interdependencies, and vulnerabilities. This is followed by a description of some emerging frameworks that promise to capture these systems of systems and their interdependencies. A case study is presented highlighting the benefits of exploiting interdependencies, and research challenges are identified. 

As a result of these events, qnestions about how to manage the life cycle (i.e., the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and retirement) of civil infrastructure systems and their digital infrastructure adjuncts have become urgent. 

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