Napthas, petroleum

Manufacture Benzene used to be made from coal, but it is now made from petroleum by two different routes catalytic reforming of naptha and hydrodealkylation of toluene. The first route provides toluene as a byproduct for the second route. 

Liberated gasses are drawn off at the top of the tower with the naptha. The gas is recovered to manufacture refrigerated liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The naptha is condensed at a temperature of about 52 °C (125 °F). Part of the condensed naptha is normally returned to the top of the tower. The naptha product stream is split into light naptha for gasoline blending and heavy naptha for further reforming. Inside the tower, kerosene is withdrawn at a temperature of about 149 °C (300 °F). Diesel is withdrawn at a temperature of 260 °C (500 °F). These middle distillates are usually brought up to specification with respect to sulfur content with hydrodesulfurization. The heavy oil... 

Propylene is the major olefin obtained during isobutane pyrolysis however, there is no known industrial unit that uses it as the feedstock. Propylene yields are often in the 12-16% range when propane, heavier normal paraffins, napthas, gas oils, and heavier petroleum feeds are pyrolyzed. 

Yellow and Black Gagates are indurated stone of naptha or bitumen, i.e., petroleum from Cilicia and the river Gages in Lycia, where it falls into the sea. 

Silverine from White Naptha, i.e., petroleum, in Cilicia ... 

SAL NAPTAE — Salt of Naptha, extracted from Petroleum. 

Heptane is used as the knock-testing standard for octane rating measurements. An isomer, triptane (2,2,3-trimethyl butane), is used in aviation fuel. All isomers are used in organic syntheses and are ingredients of gasoline, rubber solvent naptha, and other petroleum mixtures that are utilized as fuels or solvents. 

Derivation (1) Alkylation of benzene with propylene (phosphoric acid catalyst), (2) distillation from coal tar naptha fractions or from petroleum. 

The first step in the manufacture of asphalt-based coatings consists of the distillation of crude petroleum, which results in distillate fractions (gasoline, naptha, kerosene, diesel fuel, and gas oil). The fraction of crude oil that boils above approximately 300 C is not distilled, but is withdrawn from the bottom of the distillation... 

Wang, 1999b Petroleum based naptha GHj central plant... 

The composition of biobased polyethylene is the same as conventional polyethylene. Typically, polyethylene is produced from natural gas or petroleum products, for example, naptha. Biobased polyethylene is produced from biobased ethanol as depicted in Figure 5.1. 

Petroleum ether ("pet ether") is a mixture of hydrocarbons formulated to have a boiling point between 35 and 80°C. Pet ether contains no ethers. It is also called naptha, benzin, or petroleum benzin. Since the mixture varies, constants depend on the batch and the manufacturer. The solvent group is a classification based on similarity of behavior and solvent properties. It is useful for making generalizations and for selecting alternative solvents when safety, cost, or other constraints apply. 

Liberated gases are drawn off at the top of the tower. The gas is recovered to manufacture refrigerated liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). A condensed naptha stream is split into light naptha for gasoline blending and heavy naptha for further reforming. 

Basically, the following solvents are used petroleum naptha 60/95, petroleum naptha 80/110, ethylacetate, acetone (dimethylketone), butanone (methylethylketone), toluene (methylbenzene), ethanol, isopropanol, or sometimes tetrahydrofiirane, which is a suitable solvent for PVC. For adhesive storage, key data of the corresponding solvents such as boiling point, flash point, and the rate of evaporation are necessary. O Table 36.1 shows a summary of these data for the solvents mentioned above. (Flash point refers to the lowest temperature at which a volatile liquid can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.)... 

Note 6—Typical petroleum naptha used for deam ng purposes are VM and P napthas. 

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