Constants dependence

Ig = known base investment for equipment with capacity Qg M = constant depending on equipment type... 

We have tacitly assumed that the rate constants depend only on the last unit of the chain. In such a situation, the copolymerization is called a Markov copolymerization of first order. The special case (i), r r- = 1, is a Markov copolymerization of order zero. If reactivity also depends on the penultimate unit of the chain, the polymerization is a Markov copolymerization of second order. 

However, the B.E.T. and modificated B.E.T as well as isotherm of d Arcy and Watt fit the experimental data only in some range of the relative humidities up to about 80-85%. At the same time the adsorption in the interval 90-100% is of great interest for in this interval the A— B conformational transition, which is of biological importance, takes place [17], [18]. This disagreement can be the result of the fact that the adsorbed water molecules can form a regular lattice, structure of which depends on the conformation of the NA. To take into account this fact we assume that the water binding constants depend on the conformational variables of the model, i.e ... 

The default parameters for bond stretching are an ec iiilibriiim bond length an d a stretch in g force eon starit. fb e fun etion al form isjiist that of the. M.M+ force field including a correction for cubic stretches. The default force constant depends only on the bond... 

In determining the values of Ka use is made of the pronounced shift of the UV-vis absorption spectrum of 2.4 upon coordination to the catalytically active ions as is illustrated in Figure 2.4 ". The occurrence of an isosbestic point can be regarded as an indication that there are only two species in solution that contribute to the absorption spectrum free and coordinated dienophile. The exact method of determination of the equilibrium constants is described extensively in reference 75 and is summarised in the experimental section. Since equilibrium constants and rate constants depend on the ionic strength, from this point onward, all measurements have been performed at constant ionic strength of 2.00 M usir potassium nitrate as background electrolyte . 

Data for zeroth-order nitration in these various solvents are given in table 3.1. Fig. 3.1 shows how zeroth-order rate constants depend on the concentration of nitric acid, and table 3.2 shows how the kinetic forms of nitration in organic solvents depend on the reactivities of the compounds being nitrated. 

The functional form for default torsions is the MM-t form with three torsional constants VI, V2, and V3 for 1-fold, 2-fold, and 3-fold contributions. The default values for these constants depend on the particular chemical situation associated with the bond... 

This relationship with a = 1 was first proposed by Staudinger, but in this more general form it is known as the Mark-Houwink equation. The constants k and a are called the Mark-Houwink coefficients for a system. The numerical values of these constants depend on both the nature of the polymer and the nature of the solvent, as well as the temperature. Extensive tabulations of k and a are available Table 9.2 shows a few examples. Note that the units of k are the same as those of [r ], and hence literature values of k can show the same diversity of units as C2, the polymer concentration. 

Coulomb s law. This relationship poses no particular difficulties as a qualitative statement the problem arises when we attempt to calculate something with it, since the proportionality constant depends on the choice of units. In the cgs system of units, the electrostatic unit of charge is defined to produce a force of 1 dyne when two such charges are separated by a distance of 1 cm. In the cgs system the proportionality factor in Coulomb s law is unity and is dimensionless. For charges under vacuum we write... 

The centrifugal distortion constant depends on the stifthess of the bond and it is not surprising that it can be related to the vibration wavenumber co, in the harmonic approximation (see Section 1.3.6), by... 

Equation 6 shows that the adsorption of component 1 at a partial pressureis reduced in the presence of component 2 as a result of competition for the available surface sites. There ate only a few systems for which this expression (with 5 1 = q 2 = 5 ) provides an accurate quantitative representation, but it provides useful quaUtative or semiquantitative guidance for many systems. In particular, it has the correct asymptotic behavior and provides expHcit recognition of the effect of competitive adsorption. For example, if component 2 is either strongly adsorbed or present at much higher concentration than component 1, the isotherm for component 1 is reduced to a simple linear form in which the apparent Henry s law constant depends onp. ... 

The constant depends on the hydraulic diameter of the static mixer. The mass-transfer coefficient expressed as a Sherwood number Sh = df /D is related to the pipe Reynolds number Re = D vp/p and Schmidt number Sc = p/pD by Sh = 0.0062Re Sc R. ... 

The olefin distribution in the catalytic processes, on the other hand, tends to foUow the Schultz-Flory equation, where equals the number of moles of olefins having carbon number N, X equals the moles of olefins having two carbon numbers lower, andis a constant depending on the reaction conditions can range from 0.4—0.9 but usually equals 0.6—0.8. 

E = applied voltage, V V = counterelectromotive force (generated voltage), V R = armature resistance, H I = armature current, A k = constant dependent on motor design n = speed, r/min ( ) = magnetic-field flux... 

Filters have a time constant r = R x C which increases the damping of the measuring instrument. The time constant depends on the required attenuation and the interfering frequency, but not on the internal resistance of the measuring instrument. The time constants of the shielding filter are in the same range as those of the electrochemical polarization, so that errors in the off potential are increased. Since the time constants of attenuation filters connected in tandem are added, but the attenuation factors are multiplied, it is better to have several small filters connected in series rather than one large filter. 

The situation changes when moving on to low temperature. Friction affects not only the prefactor but also the instanton action itself, and the rate constant depends strongly on rj. In what follows we restrict ourselves to the action alone, and for the calculation of the prefactor we refer the reader to the original papers cited. For the cusp-shaped harmonic potential... 

K = Constant (depends on target material, particle abrasiveness and size distribution)... 

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