Nano-carbon materials

Su, D. S. Perathoner, S. Centi, G., Catalysis on nano-carbon materials Going where to ... 

The use of organometallic complexes may provide a means of making gas-phase clusters with some control over catalyst morphology (size/shape) that will lead to the controlled shape of the nano carbon material produced. As yet, this issue has... 

Carbon nanotubes have been studied extensively in relation to fullerenes, and together with fullerenes have opened a new science and technology field on nano scale materials. This book aims to cover recent research and development in this area, and so provide a eonvenient reference tool for all researchers in this field. It is also hoped that this book can serve to stimulate future work on carbon nanotubes. 

Prussian blue-based nano-electrode arrays were formed by deposition of the electrocatalyst through lyotropic liquid crystalline [144] or sol templates onto inert electrode supports. Alternatively, nucleation and growth of Prussian blue at early stages results in nano-structured film [145], Whereas Prussian blue is known to be a superior electrocatalyst in hydrogen peroxide reduction, carbon materials used as an electrode support demonstrate only a minor activity. Since the electrochemical reaction on the blank electrode is negligible, the nano-structured electrocatalyst can be considered as a nano-electrode array. 

Synthetic Carbon Materials 1.9.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes and Nano fibers... 

Enzyme-free urea sensor Nano carbon-containing transducer, covered with chemical catalytic system, is used as electrochemical enzyme-free sensor for urea determination in biological materials. 

Among the inorganic templates, zeolite produces more regulated pores as compared to the silica template. If nano-channels in zeolite are completely filled with carbonaceous precursor and then the carbon materials are extracted from the zeolite framework, one can obtain the porous carbon of which structure reflects the porosity of the original zeolite template. The ordered mesoporous silica templates, e.g., MCM-4 838,39,47 and SBA-1547 have been employed to prepare the ordered porous carbons by the procedures involving the pore filling of the silica template with carbonaceous precursor followed by carbonization and silica dissolution. The resulting pore sizes of the ordered mesoporous carbons are smaller than about 10 nm. 

Shibayama, Y., H. Sato, T. Enoki, and M. Endo. 2000. Disordered magnetism at the metal-insulator threshold in nano-graphite-based carbon material. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 1744-1747. 

Carbon nanotubes, which can be regarded as a representative of nano-carbon architectures, have received much attention since the Iijima s report of 1991 [62], despite the fact that carbon nanotubes have been known for decades. Prior to the Iijima s report, the images of CNTs have already been shown in a paper published in 1976 [63], The literature has reported that the pyrolysis of benzene and ferrocene at 1000°C results in tubular graphite in nanometer scale. The interesting new allo-tropes of carbon, CNTs, are attractive materials for Li-ion batteries. In fact, the application widely... 

Kuznetsov V.I. and Butenko Yu.V. (2003) Synthesis and properties of nanostructured carbon materials nano-diamond, onion-like carbon and carbon nanotubes. In Proceedings of NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Materials and Coatings for Biomedical and Sensor Applications , 4-8 August 2002. Eds. Gogotsi Y.G. and Uvarova I.V. V. 102, IOS Press, p. 187-202. 

Abstract. A number of observations and critical remarks were made dealing with perspectives of the metallic materials (both classical alloys and quasi-crystals) and nano-sized carbon materials as reversible accumulators of hydrogen. 

MNT could also be used to develop nano-machines or nanobots such as nano-photosynthesizers, nano-chlorophylls, and nano-carbon-fixers [31-33]. Powered by cheap solar energy, these nanobots could be manipulated to extract all of the 300 billion tons of excess C02 from atmosphere, and then to transform them into valuable materials. The carbon extracted by nanobots could be used to synthesize functional and structural materials [114, 118, 119, 124]. They could also be extracted by other nanobots and further synthesized into sugar, starch, and cellulose to supplement the demand for food, and paper. This could relieve the pressure exerted on farmland and forest. 

In recent years, we have seen an explosive interest in nanomaterials, in particular in nanofibers, nanofilaments, and nanotubes of the very different chemical composition. The interest arises from the specific mechanical and physicochemical properties of these nano objects, which allow them to be used, for example, as specific adsorbents, catalyst supports, reinforcing components of composite materials, and so on. The most cited generic types of nanomaterials are carbon nanofilaments and nanotubes. Numerous methods for preparing these carbon materials are known. However, the simplest method seems to be thermal pyrolysis of various carbon contain ing precursors (e.g., carbon monoxide, saturated and unsaturated hydro carbons, etc.) in the presence of special catalysts that are typically nanosized particles of nickel, cobalt, iron metals, or their alloys with different metals. 

---