Inorganic template

In either the transcriptive or synergistic strategy, removal of the organic template by extraction or calcination renders the inorganic mesoporous structure. For synthetic schemes that are not compatible with the formation of stable template assemblies, an alternative approach is to use a preformed, templated inorganic host, such as mesoporous silica, as a mold to nanocast the desired material as an inverse replica of the host, such as that seen in Figure 14. ... 

Figure 3.2 Two steps in the synthesis of the ZSM-5 zeolite (a) template-inorganic precursor interaction and (b) periodic repetition of the inorganic template-solid hybrid, source of the crystalline framework.

There are nevertheless a number of recent indicators that the biotechnological challenge has fostered the chemists creativity. Some of them are able to self-assemble components, thanks to a clever use of surfactants as supramolecular templates. Inorganic complex structures presenting a variety of interesting shapes such as discs or helix can be obtained at a mesoscale or in some cases at the macroscopic level. [28]... 

Other inorganic materials have been assembled on a wide range of selfassembling protein structures. Many of these studies have sought to mimic nature, which can create a vast range of templated inorganic structures. 

Nanostructured polymers, in particular block copolymers, have immense potential in areas ranging from templating inorganic materials to permeation/ filtration media, nano-assaying, nanolithography and high density data storage media. 

By using colloid as the template, inorganic oxides can be deposited on the outer surface of the colloidal droplet to form macroporous materials with apertures of 50 nm... 

Table 7.12 Experimental interaction energies of templates-inorganic sheets (Ejnter) per AI3P40163 Unit (kcal/mol)3 and the interlayer spacing D/A. Reproduced with permission...

For the synthesis with nonionic block polymer as template, inorganic salts can dramatically widen the syntheses domain (in temperature, surfactant concentration, etc.) and broaden the range of surfactants that can be utilized to produce highly ordered mesostructures.[214]... 

G. Ferey, Microporous Solids From Organically Templated Inorganic Skeletons to Hybrid Frameworks. .. Ecumenism in Chemistry. Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 3084—3098. 

Ferey, G. Microporous solids from organically templated inorganic skeletons to hybrid frameworks. Ecumenism in chemistry. Chem. Mater. 2001, 75, 3084. 

Although the majority of the examples in the literature have used viral capsids to nudeate and template inorganic materials, it is also possible to template the formation of organic polymers on their surface. Niu et used the TMV capsid as a scaffold to bind and polymerize pyrrole and aniline into conductive polymer nanowires. Using the capsid as the scaffold allowed for the creation of well-defined constmcts with a low polydispersity, high processability, and a high aspect ratio. 

Complementary strategy is based on self-assembly of block copolymers template inorganic nanoparticles in binary solvents medium to form compact unidirectional structure. For instance, Fahmi et al. developed a simple concept whereby water acts as a trigger for morphological changes in water-in-toluene emulsions of... 

This improved ability to design peptide-based fibers from the bottom up should pave the way to real-life applications of such materials in bionanotechnology, particularly with regard to templating inorganic and other functional materials, and as soft biomimetic scaffolds in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. 

Pulsed laser deposition involves striking a target made of pre-prepared surfactant-templated inorganic material with an intense laser beam, causing the ejection of atoms, ions and fragments containing template that deposit onto a substrate. Continuous well-adhered films of nanometer scale particles of mesophase material tens of nanometers to... 

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