Musk seed

Bisamkorn, n. musk seed, abelmosk seed, bisher, adv. hitherto, as yet. bisherig, a. hitherto, till now. bislang, adv. as yet, thus far. biss, pret. (of beissen) bit. 

Moschus, m. musk, -driise, /, musk gland, -kom, n, musk seed (from abelmosk), -kraut, n. cat thyme, -wurzel, /. musk root (specif., the root of Ferula sumbul). 

Amber seed The seed of the abelmosk, somewhat resembling millet and having a musky flavor. Musk seed. 

Obt. from musk seed oils and Satureia calamiatha plant oils. Mp 53-55 (a-form), 26-27 (j3-form). 

Occurs as ester in musk-seed oil. Use in polyester formulations. Mp 82-84 . 

Obtained by saponification of musk-seed oil. Plates from EtgO M.p. 82-4°. Sol. EtOH, AcOEt, M GO, G,H,. Spar. sol. pet. ether. Insol. HaO. Ox. —> tridecane-1 13-dicarb-oxylic acid. 

The seeds of Htinscus aibelmoschus yield from 0 1 to 0 6 per cent, of essential oil of very aromatic odour. It is known as musk seed or am-brette seed oil, and has the following characters —... 

Common/vernacular names Ambrette, musk mallow, and musk seed. 

Macrocyclic lactones like ambrettolide (7-hexadecen-l,16-olide) 158, 15-pentadecanolide (cyclopentadecanolide) 159, hexadecanolide (cyclohexa-decanolide) 160 and cyclohexadec-7-enolide 161 (Structure 4.48) are called musks. They are found in a variety of essential oils, e.g. ambrette seed oil and angelica root oil [1-4, 21-23, 62]. 

We designate as natural all materials that are obtained from natural sources by the application of physical separation techniques such as distillation and extraction. Natural products have been used for many thousands of years as the raw materials of perfumery. Entire plants, flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, as well as woods, roots, and the resins they exude, are all sources of fragrance materials. Similarly the scent glands of animals such as the civet cat and the musk deer have been used since early civilization to provide perfume for humans. 

The seeds contain some volatile oil, resin and a large amount of fixed oil (Meisner, 1818). The fruit (without the seeds) contains volatile oil, resin, fat, tannin, pectin and mucilage. The volatile oil (oil of star-anise) amounts to about 4-5% and is almost identical with oil of anise (from P. anisum, LinnS). Star-anise oil from Chinese fruit has a specific gravity at 15°C (59°F) of 0.980-0.990 and its known constituents are anethol, phel-landrene, safrol and hydro-quinone-ethyl-ether (Fliickiger, 1879). Poisonous sikimin has been detected in the fruit (Eykmann, 1881), while Schlegel (1885) found a crystalline principle of a pronounced odour of musk. He also found saponin in the watery extract. 

Terzi 1 (2008) AUelopathic effects of juglone and decomposed walnut leaf juice on musk melon and cucumber seed germination and seedUng growth. Afr J Biotechnol 7 1870-1874... 

Muscone (35) and civetone (36) are the most important odour components of musk and civet respectively. Ambrettolide (37) is a plant product, occurring in the seeds of the ambrette plant (Abel-moschus moschatus Moench, syn. Hibiscus abelmoschus) which is cultivated in Madagascar, the Seychelles, Colombia and Equador. 

Ci6H2g02, Mt 252.40, is not reported as being found in nature, in contrast to (Z)-7-hexadecen-16-olide, which occurs in ambrette seed oil (see p. 182) and which is also referred to as ambrettolide. It is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid, re 0 0.949 -0.957, re 0 1.477-1.482, with an intense and powerful musk odor. It is prepared by treating aleuritic acid (9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid) with trimethyl... 

Musk Ketone and Musk Ambrette. Musk Ketone is considered to have the closest odour to that of natural musk, and Musk Ambrette, as its name implies, has an odour reminiscent of ambrette seeds. Other nitromusks, which were discovered later, include Musk Tibetine and Moskene. The structures of these, together with the synthetic routes to Musk Xylene and Musk Ketone, are shown in Figure 4.51. Both of these are prepared from m-xylene through initial f-butylation. Nitration of the z-butyldimethylbenze ne thus produced gives Musk Xylene, and acetylation followed by nitration gives Musk Ketone. The other nitromusks are prepared by similar combinations of classical aromatic reactions. 

D. 0.958, n 1.4816, bp. (0.13 kPa) 154-156 °C, LD50 (rat orally) >5 g/kg. Kerschaum identified A. in ambrette seed oil as origin of the musk-like odor. Its synthesis is rather laborious so that A. still belongs to the more expensive musk fragrances. Its main use is in fine perfumery. 

Production By steam distillation from the roots or seeds of Angelica archangelica. Main areas of cultivation are Germany, France, Belgium, and Holland. CompositionMain components are monoterpene hydrocarbons such as a- pinene (ca. 20%), a-phellan-drene (see p-menthadienes, ca. 20%), 3- carene (ca. 10%), limonene (see p-menthadienes, ca. 10%), and )8-phellandrene (ca. 20%). The macrocyclic lactone 15-pentadecanolide (ca. 1%) is responsible for the typical musk-like odor. 

C15H28O2, Mr 240.39. cryst. with a fine, musk-like odor.mp. 37-38 C, bp. 176 °C (2 kPa),U)5o(ratp.o.) >5 g/kg. The structure of 15-P. occurring in angelica root/seed oil (ca. 1%) was elucidated in 1927 by Kerschbaum. For synthesis, see Use To an increasing extent as a nature-identical musk fragrance substance in perfume oils and, above all, in fine perfumes. 

Grapes Small multiseed or seedless fruits that grow on vines in clusters. Melons Large fruit containing either a mass of seeds in the central cavity within a soft pulpy flesh or embedded throughout a watery cellular flesh cantaloupe, honeydew, musk, and watermelon. 

The chemistry of the natural macrolactones as musk odorants started with the discovery of exaltolide 12 and ambrettolide 13 by Kerschbaum [20] from Angelica root and Ambrette seed oil, respectively. The discovery of these vegetable musk oils stimulated interest in finding their synthetic analogs and synthetic routes because of their commercial importance in the fragrance industry [4j. 

An annual or biennial herb with bristly hairs, up to 2 m high showy flowers yellow, crimson centered, about 10 cm across seeds musk fragrant, flat, and kidney shaped indigenous to India widely cultivated in tropical countries, including the West Indies, Java,... 

Indonesia, and Africa. Part used is the seed, which are kidney shaped, grayish hrown, and about 3 mm in diameter. The seeds are traded as musk grains or musk pods. An aromatic oil is obtained via steam distillation of the crushed, dried seeds (csir i). 

Oil and absolute are used in sophisticated types of perfumes and in soaps, detergents, creams, and lotions maximum use level reported is 0.12% for the oil in perfumes. The oil is valued for its sweet, rich wine or brandy-like, floral, musky scent with a unique bouquet and roundness. While resembling animal-derived musk scents, ambrette seed oil lacks the fecal note sometimes found in the former (csir i) one of the most expensive essential oils. 

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