Murine colon cancer

Dong, Z., Radinsky, R., Fan, D., Tsan, R., Bucana, C. D., Wilmanns, C. D. and Fidler, I. J. (1994). Organ-specific modulation of steady state mdr gene expression and drug resistance in murine colon cancer cells. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 86, 913-920. 

In the already cited articles, NO is produced by NO donors. It can be produced by iNOS activity in macrophages [120, 121], polynuclear cells [122] or endothelial cells [123], which provokes tumor cells apoptosis. NO can also be produced by tumor cells iNOS. When iNOS gene is activated by cytokines IFNy and IL-ip in rat colon cancer cells, IFNy, IL-ip, TNFa in human colon cancer cells, TNFa in murine colon cancer cells, IL-la in human ovarian cancer cells, NO has no apoptotic effect. 

Kuroki Y, Yamashita 1, Okamoto M, Ochiai H, Kurokawa M, Tazawa K, Fujimaki M (1991) Antitumor activity of T-506, a novel synthetic FUDR derivative, on murine colon cancer and its hepatic metastasis. Jpn J Cancer Chemother 18 1297-1302... 

The use of NO donors, which when released intracellularly can inhibit iNOS, has been reported to be successful in different malignancies. NO-releasing aspirin was able to improve the effects of a GM-CSF-based cancer vaccine in a murine colon cancer model, through inhibition of iNOS and other suppressive enzymes (De et al. 2005). 

Oxaliplatin (trans-L-diaminocyclohexane oxalate platinum II) was selected for development based on preclinical antitumor activity in murine leukemia lines and in colon cancer models (151,152). The clinical development of oxaliplatin has been primarily in colorectal cancer alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil. 

Compound 2 inhibited murine and human bone marrow cell colony formation with and ID50 of 0.1-1 pg/ml, with complete inhibition occurring at 10-100 pg/ml. It was found to be more potent than vinblastine or taxol, with an IC50 of 0.23 nM against human ovarian cancer and colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, dolastatin 10 was shown to be powerfully effective at binding to tubulin, inhibiting polymerization and it also non-competitively inhibits the binding of vinca alkaloids to tubulin,... 

Tan, M. H., Holyoke, E. D. and Goldrosen, M. H. (1977) Murine colon adenocarcinoma syngeneic orthotopic transplantation and subsequent hepatic metastases. J Natl Cancer Inst 59, 1537-1544. 

Bresalier, R. S., Hujanen, E. S., Raper, S. E., Roll, F. J., Itzkowitz, S. H., Martin, G. R. and Kim, Y. S. (1987). An animal model for colon cancer metastasis establishment and characterization of murine cell lines with enhanced liver-metastasizing ability. Cancer Res. 47, 1398-1406. 

Nicolson, G. L., Inoue, T., van Pelt, C. S. and Cavanaugh, P. G. (1990). Differential expression of a Mr approximately 90,000 cell surface transferrin receptor-related glycoprotein on murine B16 metastatic melanoma sublines selected for enhanced brain or ovary colonization. Cancer Res. 50, 515-520. 

Sugimoto, Y., Watanabe, M., Oh-hara, T., Sato, S., Isoe, T. and Tsuruo, T. (1991). Suppression of experimental lung colonization of a metastatic variant of murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 by MoAb 8F11 inhibiting TCIPA. Cancer Res. 51, 921-925. 

Watanabe, M., Okochi, E., Sugimoto, Y. and Tsuruo, T. (1988). Identification of a platelet aggregating factor of murine colon adenocarcinoma 26, Mw 44,000 membrane protein as determined by MoAbs. Cancer Res. 48, 6411-6416. 

P-388, murine lymphocytic leukomia A431, human epidermoid carcinoma BCl, human breast cancer Col2, human colon cancer HT,human fibrosarcoma KB, human nasopharyngeal ... 

NO has a cytostatic effect by inhibiting ATP synthesis [99] via Kreb s cycle (aconitase inhibition, [100]), glycolysis (GADPH inhibition) and mitochondrial respiration (NAD ubiquinone oxydoreductase and succinate ubiquinone oxydoreductase inhibitions, [101]). Another pathway is the ornithine decarboxylase inhibition. This enzyme is implicated in polyamine production necessary to cell proliferation and its activity is inhibited by NO in human colon cancer cells HT-29 and Caco-2 [102]. Furthermore NO directly inactivates ribonucleotide reductase [103] of TA3 cancer cells (murine breast cancer cells) [104]. This enzyme controlling DNA synthesis catalyses desoxyribonucleotides synthesis, and its inhibition blocks cells in S phase. This inhibition is rapid and reversible in K562 and TA3 cells [105]. 

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